Heart + Blood

Question 1

What does a vein carry and in which direction

Answer 1

Deoxygenated blood towards the heart (where it is then sent to the lungs)

Question 2

What does an artery carry and in which direction

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 3

What does renal relate to

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

What does hepatic relate to

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

What does pulmonary relate to

Answer 5

Lungs

Question 6

What is the hepatic portal vein

Answer 6

Carries blood from the digestive system to the liver, so that the nutrients can be absorbed

Question 7

What are the top chambers in the heart

Answer 7

Atrium

Question 8

What are the bottom chambers in the heart

Answer 8

Ventricle

Question 9

What separates the ventricle and the atrium

Answer 9

A valve

Question 10

What separates the ventricle from the pulmonary artery/ aorta

Answer 10

A valve

Question 11

What does the pulmonary artery do

Answer 11

Carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 12

What does the aorta do

Answer 12

Distrubutes oxygenated blood to the body

Question 13

What does the vena carva do

Answer 13

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 14

Which side of the ventricle has thicker walls and why

Answer 14

Left - it is distributing blood to the body, so needs to be able to create higher blood pressure in order to do this

Question 15

What is the heart made of

Answer 15

Cardiac muscle - never gets tired

Question 16

What is coronary heart disease

Answer 16

The coronary artery is blocked by fat, therefore the cardiac muscle cannot respire, so it can’t release energy, so it can’t contract, so the person will have a heart attack

Question 17

What is the coronary artery

Answer 17

The artery that brings blood to the heart

Question 18

What factors could make coronary heart disease more likely (6)

Answer 18

1. Heredity
2. High blood pressure
3. Diet
4. Smoking - raises blood pressure
5. Stress - raises blood pressure
6. Lack of exercise

Question 19

What is a normal average bpm

Answer 19

70

Question 20

Why may heart rate increase naturally (2)

Answer 20

1. Exercise
2. Afraid/angry (fight or flight)

Question 21

Which part of the brain controls heart rate

Answer 21

The medulla

Question 22

Which has thick walls and why: artery, vein

Answer 22

Artery - blood is being pumped away from heart, so blood pressure is high, so thick wall needed.

Vein has low blood pressure as the blood pumping towards heart disease

Question 23

What is the lumen

Answer 23

The central cavity in a blood vessel in which the blood travels

Question 24

How does the body ensure blood doesn’t flow backwards

Answer 24

Using valves e.g. in the heart, or the semilunar valves in veins

Question 25

Which has a bigger lumen: artery, vein

Answer 25

Vein

Question 26

What do capillaries do

Answer 26

They carry blood through organs, bringing the blood close to every cell in the organ

Question 27

How thick are the cells of the capillary And why (2)

Answer 27

1 cell thick because: 1. This allows them to ‘fit’ inside the organ 2. Materials can pass through their walls easily, so exchange of substances is easy

Question 28

What may be transported from cells to blood (3)

Answer 28

1. CO2 2. Water 3. Other waste products

Question 29

What may be transported from blood to cells (4)

Answer 29

1. Oxygen 2. Glucose 3. Amino acids 4. Water

Question 30

What could be passed each way from blood to cell

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

What is plasma

Answer 31

Liquid part of blood that is mainly water - carries blood calls around the body as well as dissolved hormones, co2 and urea

Question 32

What are erythrocytes and why are they well adapted

Answer 32

Red blood cells - **Biconcave** (to maximise surface area) with NO NUCLEUS (maximise blood transport capability). Carries oxygen in the haemoglobin

Question 33

What are lymphocytes

Answer 33

White blood cells that produce antibodies

Question 34

What are memory cells

Answer 34

Lymphocytes that persist in the body after the infection has been overcome

Question 35

What is a phagocyte

Answer 35

A white blood cell that digests and destroys bacteira. Much larger than red blood cells

Question 36

What are platelets

Answer 36

Fragments of cells that make blood clot when we cut ourselves. Forms scabs

Question 37

What percent of white blood cells are phagocytes

Answer 37

70%

Question 38

What are antigens

Answer 38

Markers on the surface of pathogens that can be used to destroy it by antibodies

Question 39

Graph the immune response for 2x of being infected, with time on x axis and level of antibodies in blood on y axis

Answer 39

Antibodies rise slowly for first infection, peak at a low level and then fall slowly again. Then the numbers get to 0 and a lot of time passes. Then, the second infection causes a steeper increase in antibodies, along with a much higher peak.