Reproduction

Question 1

How many parents in asexual reproduction

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Do gametes (sex cells) fuse in asexual reproduction and does genetic information mix

Answer 2

No and no

Question 3

Does sexual or asexual reproduction produce clones (identical genetic material to parent)

Answer 3

Asexual

Question 4

What type of cell division is the only type active in asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

Mainly what organisms use asexual reproduction

Answer 5

Bacteria, small plants and small animals

Question 6

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction (3 advantages)

Answer 6

1. The species can quickly populate an area
2. It is time and energy efficient
3. Good in lowly populated areas because only 1 parent required

Question 7

What is binary fission and what organisms use it

Answer 7

Bacteria - gets bigger then splits into two. Genetically identical. Can happen up to every 20 mins

Question 8

What is binary fission and what organisms use it

Answer 8

Bacteria - gets bigger then splits into two. Genetically identical. Can happen up to every 20 mins

Question 9

How many parents are in sexual reproduction

Answer 9

2

Question 10

How does sexual reproduction work

Answer 10

Male and female gametes fuse to become fertilised. It is then known as a zygote

Question 11

Where does the offspring get characteristics from in sexual reproduction

Answer 11

A combination of both parents

Question 12

Is there genetic variation in sexual reproduction

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What process is used to form Gametes in sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

What process is used to divide (cell division to make more cells) the zygote in sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

Is there variation in the offspring of sexual reproduction

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What percentage of genetic info of a normal adult cell do gametes hold and what is this cell called

Answer 16

50% and haploid (only one set of chromosomes)

Question 17

What is a cell that has 2 set of chromosomes called

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

What happens on day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle? Brain, ovary and uterus

Answer 18

Brain: FSH secreted to the ovary
Ovary: a follicle is developed
Uterus: the uterus is shredded

Question 19

What happens on days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle Brain, Uterus and Ovary

Answer 19

Brain: LH is secreted to the ovary
Ovary: Ovulation occurs on day 14 and secretes oestrogen to the uterus
Uterus: The uterus lining is rebuilt

Question 20

What happens on days 15-28 in the menstrual cycle Brain, Uterus, Ovary

Answer 20

Brain: nothing
Ovary: the corpus leutem is formed
Uterus: the lining is maintained

Question 21

What is the corpus luteum and what is its purpose

Answer 21

A temporary collection of cells that forms on the ovary. It appears right after an egg leaves your ovary (ovulation). It is responsible for secreting progesterone in the second half of the menstrual cycle, which maintains the thickened uterine lining and prepares it for implantation of a fertilized egg.

Question 22

Which ovulary hormone rises after ovulation and which one falls

Answer 22

Oestrogen falls, then climbs a bit but not to the same level, then falls again.
Progesterone rises very high, then falls
See sexual vs asexual + human reproduction note for the graph

Question 23

Which gonadotrophic hormone rises a lot at the end of the follicular phase and which one rises a little but not much

Answer 23

LH: big, fast rise then quick fall
FSH: small, fast rise then quick fall
See sexual vs asexual + human reproduction note for graph

Question 24

What structure is the embryo enclosed in and what does it secrete

Answer 24

Amnion (membrane) and amniotic fluid

Question 25

What does amniotic fluid do for the embryo

Answer 25

Protects it from jolts and bumps

Question 26

What happens when a woman’s water breaks

Answer 26

The amnion membrane ruptures and the amniotic fluid is released

Question 27

What is the placenta

Answer 27

A structure that gives the embryo nutrition, anchors the embryo to the uterus and secretes progesterone. It is at the other end of the umbilical cord to the embryo.

Question 28

What does the umbilical artery carry and in which direction

Answer 28

Deoxygenated blood (only artery which carries deoxygenated) and waste products. From fetus to placenta

Question 29

What does the umbilical vein carry and in which direction

Answer 29

Oxygenated blood (the only vein that carries oxygenated) and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

Question 30

What separates the blood of the mother and the fetus

Answer 30

A membrane

Question 31

See sexual vs asexual note for the female diagram and memorise

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

See sexual vs asexual note for the male diagram and memorise

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

What changes happen to boys when they hit puberty? (6 answers)

Answer 33

1. Sperm production starts 2. Growth and development of male sexual organs 3. Growth of armpit and pubic hair, and chest and facial hair 4. Increase in body mass, growth of muscles eg chest 5. Voice breaks 6. Sexual drive ‘develops’

Question 34

What changes do girls experience when they hit puberty? (7 answers)

Answer 34

1. The menstrual cycle begins 2. Growth and development of female sexual organs 3. Increase in body mass, development of ‘rounded’ shape to hips 4. Voice deepens without sudden breaking 5. Sexual ‘drive’ develops 6. Growth of armpit and pubic hair 7. Breasts develop