Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardiovascular diseases?

A

Disease of the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

What is atheroma?

A

Fatty deposits

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3
Q

What happens in atheroma disease?

A

Fatty deposits (atheroma) build up on. the inside of arteries restricting blood flow

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4
Q

Where do fatty deposits in an artery develop?

A

Where the endothelium has been damaged

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5
Q

What is the response to fatty deposit building up in an artery?

A

This causes an inflammatory response

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6
Q

What is atheroma made up of?

A

Cholesterol and white blood cells

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7
Q

What are atheromatous plaques?

A

They are made up of cholesterol, white blood cells and also calcium causing it to harden.

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8
Q

Where do atheromatous plaques form?

A

Within the wall of the artery under the endothelium

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9
Q

What is hardening of the arteries caused by atheromas also known as?

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

A blood clot which forms in the blood vessels.

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11
Q

When does a thrombosis occur?

A

When an atheroma breaks through the wall of the endothelium and causes a rough surface than can cause a blood clot

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12
Q

Explain what happens to cells when a thrombosis is formed

A

The blood can’t flow properly to tissues anymore

Cells do not receive oxygen or glucose to aerobically respire and release energy

The cells will therefore anaerobically respire which produces toxic lactic acid

The proteins in a cell denature and cells die

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13
Q

What are the consequences of a thrombosis?

A

Dying of cells
Heart attack
Stroke

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14
Q

Why do cells die when there is a blood clot

A

Cells cannot respire aerobically and have to respire anaerobically

The lactic acid formed will denature the proteins in the cell and cause the cell to die

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15
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

A heart attack

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16
Q

What causes MI (myocardial infarction)?

A

When the coronary arteries around the heart are blocked the heart muscle in that area will not receive oxygenated blood

The heart muscle can thus not respire aerobically

Anaerobic respiration of the cells releases lactic acid which denatures proteins and the heart muscle cells die (not able to contract)

17
Q

When is an MI fatal?

A

If a large area of the heart is affected by the blockage of the coronary arteries

18
Q

What are the symptoms of an MI?

A

Chest pain
Pain in upper body
Shortness of breath
Sweating

19
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A blood clot that happens in the brain

20
Q

What happens in a stroke?

A

There is a blood clot in an artery in the brain

The brain cells do not
receive oxygenated blood anymore

The cells cannot aerobically respire and have to respire anaerobically forming lactic acid which denatures proteins

The brain cells die

21
Q

What is a deep vein thrombosis?

A

When a blood clot occurs in a leg vein

22
Q

What may cause a deep vein thrombosis?

A

Prolonged inactivity

Dehydration

23
Q

What is aneurysm?

A

Weak points in the artery walls which swell to form balloon likestructures

24
Q

Why does an aneurysm occur?

A

Forms when a thrombus (blood clot) has weakened the artery wall

25
Q

When an aneurysm bursts in the brain it is also known as?

A

A stroke

26
Q

What are the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A
Smoking
Obesity
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
Diet (high saturated fat/high salt)
Men
Age