Heart dissection

Question 1

What nerve is found running over the dorsal mediastinal structures (tracheal bifurcation, oesophagus)?

Answer 1

Right vagus nerve

Question 2

Does the mediastinal pleura cover the heart?

Answer 2

Partially

Question 3

What nerve is found running on the mediastinal pleura?

Answer 3

Phrenic nerves (left and right)

Question 4

The left lateral aspect is also known as what surface?

Answer 4

Auricular surface

Question 5

What are the two major branches of the aorta?

Answer 5

1st - Brachiocephalic trunk

2nd -left subclavian

Question 6

What is the groove running on the left side of the heart, between the ventricles?

Answer 6

Paraconal (inerventricular - contains coronary vessels)

Question 7

Where is the coronary groove found?

Answer 7

Between the atria and ventricles (both sides of heart)

Question 8

What is found within the coronary groove?

Answer 8

Coronary arteries and veins

Question 9

The apex of the heart is formed from which chamber?

Answer 9

Left ventricle

Question 10

What does the left subclavian supply?

Answer 10

Left forelimb

Question 11

What does the brachiocephalic trunk (first branch of aorta) supply and via what arteries?

Answer 11

Head - via left and right common carotid arteries

Right forelimb - via right subclavian artery

Question 12

What vessels make up the pulmonary trunk? What do they supply?

Answer 12

Left and right pulmonary arteries

Supply their retrospective lung

Question 13

What is the ligament arteriosum?

Answer 13

Connective tissue remnant of ductus arteriosus

Question 14

Where is the ligament arteriosum found?

Answer 14

Behind pulmonary trunk

Question 15

What is the name of the right interventricular groove?

Answer 15

Subsinosal groove

Question 16

What are the 4 openings into the right atrium?

Answer 16

Cranial VC
Caudal VC
Coronary sinus
Atrioventricular canal

Question 17

What is the coronary sinus? What blood does it return?

Answer 17

Terminal part of coronary veins

Returns deoxygenated blood from heart muscles

Question 18

What is the atrioventricular canal?

Answer 18

Where the atrium leads into the ventricles

Question 19

In which chamber is the fossa ovalis? What is this a remnant of?

Answer 19

Right atrium

Foramen oval

Question 20

What is the soft tissue cranial to the fossa ovalis called? What does it do?

Answer 20

Intervenous tubercle

Diverts blood from cranial and caudal VC towards atrioventricular canal

Question 21

What are the muscles in the ventricles called? What is their function?

Answer 21

Trabeculae carnae

Reduce turbulence

Question 22

What attaches the heart valve cusps to the hear wall?

Answer 22

Chordae tendinae

Attach to papillary muscles

Question 23

Which chamber is the septomarginal band found in? What fibres does it carry?

Answer 23

Right ventricle

Purkinje fibres

Question 24

Where are the semilunar valves found? What do they do?

Answer 24

In pulmonary trunk and aorta - prevent back flow into ventricles

Question 25

How many pulmonary veins usually enter the heart?

Answer 25

6 - one per lung lobe | accessory and right caudal veins joined in dog

Question 26

What is the name of the muscles found in the atria of the heart?

Answer 26

Pectinate muscles

Question 27

Is the left or right AV valve more robustly built (has larger papillary muscles and chordae tendinae)?

Answer 27

Left - under 4X much pressure than right

Question 28

The aortic valve consists of 3 semilunar cusps. The first part of the aorta is dilated - what does this form?

Answer 28

``` Three sinuses (from each semilunar cusp) Together form the aortic bulb ```

Question 29

Where vessels arise from the aortic bulb?

Answer 29

Left and right aortic sinuses