Thorax and ventral neck dissection

Question 1

What connects the external jugular veins?

Answer 1

Hyoid arch

Question 2

What muscles are found in-between the external jugular veins (looking at a ventrodorsal view)?

Answer 2

Sternocephalicus

Sternothryohyoideus

Question 3

The left and right sternothyrohyoideus muscles are divided into which muscles?

Answer 3

Sternohyoideus (medial)

Sternothyroideus (lateral)

Question 4

What 3 main nerves/arteries run in the deep neck? (in carotid sheath)

Answer 4

Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Vagosympathetic trunk

Question 5

What nerve runs over the ventral trachea?

Answer 5

Ventral branch of C1

Question 6

What nerve runs over the dorsolateral trachea?

Answer 6

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 7

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of? Where does it branch off? What does it innervate?

Answer 7

Vagus

Branches off in thorax - runs bad up to neck to innervate laryngeal muscles

Question 8

What innervates the superficial and deep pectoral muscles? What are their functions?

Answer 8

Superficial - cranial pectoral
Deep - caudal pectoral
Adduct forelimb

Question 9

The phrenic nerve starts alongside which spinal nerve?

Answer 9

C5

Question 10

What nerves form the brachial plexus?

Answer 10

C5 to T1

Question 11

What direction do the external and internal intercostals run (where do they go - not where they go from)

Answer 11

External - caudoventrally
Internal - caudodorsally
(EAO) - caudoventally
(IAO) - cranioventrally

Question 12

The intercostal nerve, artery and vein run along which side of the ribs?

Answer 12

Caudal

Question 13

What lies under the head of the ribs either side of the thorax?

Answer 13

Sympathetic chain

Question 14

What ganglion is under heads of ribs one and two, in the sympathetic chain?

Answer 14

Stellate ganglion

Question 15

How does the stellate ganglion communicate with the middle cervical ganlglion?

Answer 15

By ansa suclavia

Question 16

The ansa suclavia run either side of which blood vessel?

Answer 16

Subclavian artery

Question 17

What nerve originates from the cranial aspect of the stellate ganglion?

Answer 17

Vertebral nerve

Question 18

Where does the vertebral nerve enter the vertebrae? With what blood vessel?

Answer 18

6th cervical vertebrae (up transverse foramina)

Vertebral artery

Question 19

How does the vagus nerve run through the neck?

Answer 19

Vagosympathetic trunk

Question 20

Where does the vagus nerve separate from the vagosympathetic trunk?

Answer 20

Middle cervical ganglion

Question 21

The vagus divides into which branches after supplying branches to the heart and lungs?

Answer 21

Dorsal branch

Ventral branch

Question 22

Where do the dorsal and ventral branches of the vagus rejoin? What do they form?

Answer 22

Near diaphragm
Dorsal trunk
Ventral trunk

Question 23

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus. Which blood vessels does it loop under on the right and left side, before running up the neck?

Answer 23

Left - aorta

Right - subclavian

Question 24

What is the thoracic duct? What does it drain and where does it go int?

Answer 24

Lymph vessel

Lymph from gut into the cranial VC

Question 25

Where is the thoracic duct found?

Answer 25

On top of the oesophagus | Cranial to aorta

Question 26

Where does the azygous vein drain into?

Answer 26

Junction of cranial VC and right atrium

Question 27

What is within the carotid sheath?

Answer 27

Common carotid artery Vagosympathetic trunk Internal jugular

Question 28

Where does the sternocephalicus originate and insert?

Answer 28

Manubrium of sternum | Mandible

Question 29

What muscle forms the ventral boundary of the jugular furrow?

Answer 29

Sternocephalicus

Question 30

How many parathyroid glands are there per thyroid gland?

Answer 30

2 per thyroid gland but often only 1 visible

Question 31

Where is the thyroid gland?

Answer 31

Ventrolateral aspect of trachea