Heart Embryology Flashcards
Heart tubes are derived from _____ _____, which is induced by ______.
Heart tubes are derived from SPLANCHNIC MESODERM, which is induced by ENDODERM.
Fetal bloodflow is in a ______—>______ direction.
____ ______ receives venous return from the embryo, yolk sac, and placenta.
Primitive atrium recieves blood from ____ _____.
Primitive ventricle recieves blood from primitive atrium and sends blood to _____ ____.
Fetal bloodflow is in a CAUDAL—>CRANIAL direction.
SINUS VENOSUS receives venous return from the embryo, yolk sac, and placenta.
Primitive atrium recieves blood from SINUS VENOSUS.
Primitive ventricle recieves blood from primitive atrium and sends blood to BULBUS CORDIS.
Some of the L horn and central portion of the _____ _____ are retained as the coronary sinus and it’s right portion is incorporated into the right atrium to become the sinus _______.
Some of the L horn and central portion of the SINUS VENOSUS are retained as the coronary sinus and it’s right portion is incorporated into the right atrium to become the sinus VENARUM.
Bulbus cordis is broken into 3 parts:
Proximal 1/3: retained as ______ part of right _____
Conus cordis: retained as _____ part of left and right ______.
Truncus arteriosus: retained as roots of ____ ____ and ______ ____.
Direction from prox to truncus = ______ to ______
Bulbus cordis is broken into 3 parts:
Proximal 1/3: retained as TRABECULATED part of right ATRIUM
Conus cordis: retained as SMOOTH part of left and right VENTRICLES
Truncus arteriosus: retained as roots of ASCENDING AORTA and PULMONARY TRUNK.
Direction from prox to truncus = CAUDAL to CRANIAL
Endocardial cushions will contribute to the formation of the ______ and _____/______ ____.
Endocardial cushions will contribute to the formation of the VALVES and ATRIAL/VENTRICULAR SEPTA.
Aorticopulmonary septum divides _____ _____ into aorta and pulmonary trunk and completes division of _____ into R and L _______ (forms ______ portion of _____ septum)Aorticopulmonary septum divides _____ _____ into aorta and pulmonary trunk and completes division of _____ into R and L _______ (forms ______ portion of _____ septum)
Aorticopulmonary septum divides TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS into aorta and pulmonary trunk and completes division of VENTRICLE into R and L VENTRICLES (forms MEMBRANOUS portion of VENTRICULAR septum)
Septum primum grows from the wall of the _____ toward the _____ ____. The gap between the growing septum and the _____ _____ is called the ______ ______,
Septum primum grows from the wall of the ATRIUM toward the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS. The gap between the growing septum and the ENDOCARDIAL is called the FORAMEN PRIMUM. Continued growth of septum will lead to closure of that ^^^^/.
Ostium secundum forms _____ closure of _____ ______. Septum secundum forms on the _ side of ____ ____.
Ostium secundum forms BEFORE closure of OSTIUM PRIMUM. Septum secundum forms on the R side of SEPTUM PRIMUM.
Aorticopulmonary septum is formed by ingrowth of _____ _____ that contain ____ _____. It grows toward the ______ ventricular septum and fuses with it and ingrowths from the ______ _____. Thus, the aorticopulmonary septum vloses the _______ foramen and forms the _____ ventricular septum.
Aorticopulmonary septum is formed by ingrowth of TRONCOCONAL RIDGES that contain NC CELLS. It grows toward the MUSCULAR ventricular septum and fuses with it and ingrowths from the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS. Thus, the aorticopulmonary septum vloses the INTERVENTRICULAR foramen and forms the MEMBRANOUS ventricular septum.
Oxygenated blood from the placenta passes through ____ ____ and mixes with deox blood from lower limbs and abdomen in the ____ before reaching heart.
Deox blood from head and upper limbs reaches heart via ____.
Therefore the blood entering the ____ atrium through the IVC has a _____ oxygen saturation than the blood entering the ____ atrium through the SVC.
Blood entering the ____ atrium from the IVC is mostly shunted across the ____ ___ to the ___ ____.
Blood entering the ____ atrium through the SVC mostly passes to the ____ ventricle through the _____ valve.
Blood leaving the _____ ventricle to the pulmonary trunk is mostly shunted from the _____ pulmonary artery through the ____ ________.
Therefore, blood in the aortic arch proximal to the _____ _____ has a ____ oxygen sat than the blood in the aorta distal to this structure. Therefore, the brain receives its blood from arteries that exit aorta proximal to the _____ _____.
Oxygenated blood from the placenta passes through UMBILICAL VEIN and mixes with deox blood from lower limbs and abdomen in the IVC before reaching heart.
Deox blood from head and upper limbs reaches heart via SVC.
Therefore the blood entering the RIGHT atrium through the IVC has a HIGHER oxygen saturation than the blood entering the RIGHT atrium through the SVC.
Blood entering the RIGHT atrium from the IVC is mostly shunted across the FORAMEN OVALE to the LEFT ATRIUM.
Blood entering the RIGHT atrium through the SVC mostly passes to the RIGHT ventricle through the TRICUSPID valve.
Blood leaving the RIGHT ventricle to the pulmonary trunk is mostly shunted from the LEFT pulmonary artery through the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS.
Therefore, blood in the aortic arch proximal to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS has a HIGHER oxygen sat than the blood in the aorta distal to this structure. Therefore, the brain receives its blood from arteries that exit aorta proximal to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS.
The umbilical vein brings placental blood toward the ____ on the way to the heart. BUT This blood is shunted past the ____ to the IVC by the ductus venosus.
The umbilical vein brings placental blood toward the LIVER on the way to the heart. BUT This blood is shunted past the LIVER to the IVC by the ductus venosus.
Post-partum:
Increased ____ ___ and ______ and decreased _____ cause the ductal smooth muscle to contract resulting in closure of ______ ________. Eventually, it becomes the ________ _________.
Post-partum:
Increased OXYGEN TENSION and BRADYKININ and decreased PROSTAGLANDIN cause the ductal smooth muscle to contract resulting in closure of DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS. Eventually, it becomes the LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM.
Post-Partum:
The closed umbilical vein becomes the _____ ____.
The ductus venosus also closes and becomes the _____ _____.
Post-Partum:
The closed umbilical vein becomes the LIGAMENTUM TERES.
The ductus venosus also closes and becomes the LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM.
Primum ASD results from a failure of septum to fuse with ____ ____ thus leaving a ____ ____ ____.
Secundum ASD results from _____ _____ not being covered over completely by septum secundum thus preventing complete closure of _____ _____.
Primum ASD results from a failure of septum to fuse with ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION thus leaving a PATENT FORAMEN PRIMUM.
Secundum ASD results from OSTIUM SECUNDUM not being covered over completely by septum secundum thus preventing complete closure of FORAMEN OVALE.
Muscular VSD os a result of excessive _____ of the embryonic ventricular septum during ventricular growth.
Membranous VSD is a result of defective formation of ______ septum and failure of this septum to fuse with the ______ _____ ____.
A large L—>R shunt may eventually lead to overload of ______ _____ causing _______ ______.
If it gets bad enough, the shunt can ______, causing ____ _____ and _______ complex.
Muscular VSD os a result of excessive RESORPTION of the embryonic ventricular septum during ventricular growth.
Membranous VSD is a result of defective formation of AORTICOPULMONARY septum and failure of this septum to fuse with the EMBRYONIC VENTRICULAR SEPTUM.
A large L—>R shunt may eventually lead to overload of PULMONARY CIRCUIT causing PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.
If it gets bad enough, the shunt can REVERSE, causing LATE CYANOSIS and EISENMENGER complex.
