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Cardiology > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of heart failure?

A

left-sided heart failure

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2
Q

what is LFH also called? (2)

A

heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)

systolic HF

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3
Q

what is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
(HFpEF) also called?

A

diastolic HF

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4
Q

measurement, expressed as a %, of how much blood the LV pumps out with each contraction

A

ejection fraction

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5
Q

what are 3 causes of HFrEF?

A

CAD
increased afterload
increased preload

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6
Q

what is the pathophysiology of HFrEF?

A

systolic dysfunction due to increased resistance to flow

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7
Q

what are 3 causes of HFpEF?

A

hypertensive cardiomyopathy
impaired relaxation
tachyarrhythmia

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8
Q

what is the pathophysiology of HFpEF?

A

abnormal diastolic function leading to vascular congestion

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9
Q

thick heart walls are a sign of _____

A

diastolic failure

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10
Q

thin heart walls are a sign of _____ _____

A

systolic failure

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11
Q

on physical exam, what should we expect to find in a patient with heart failure? (7)

A

pulmonary crackles/wheeze
tachypnea
hypoxia
tachycardia
S3 gallop
S2 split
jugular venous distension

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12
Q

what are 4 things in our work up for a patient with suspected heart failure?

A

BNP
ECG
Chest Xray
Echo

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13
Q

what is secreted from the ventricles in response to elevated LV end-diastolic pressure?

A

BNP

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14
Q

what diagnostic will tell us the severity of the disease?

A

BNP

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15
Q

what 4 medications are given to patient with HF? (4)

A

ARNI/ACE/ARB
beta blocker
MRA (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)
SGLT2 inhibitor

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16
Q

what is considered the first line therapy for HF?

A

Entresto (ARNI)

17
Q

what medication for HF reduces the risk for cardiovascular death and hospitalization in patient with chronic HF?

A

entresto (ARNI)

18
Q

which medication for HF will reduce morbidity and mortality?

A

ACE inhibitor

19
Q

what 3 beta blockers are approved to treat HF?

A

bisoprolol
carvedilol
metoprolol

20
Q

which medication reduced morbidity and mortality and is considered first line for symptomatic patients with systolic HF?

A

beta blockers

21
Q

what are 2 MRAs used to reduce morbidity and mortality in patient with HF?

A

spironolactone
eplerenone

22
Q

which medication used for HF helps left ventricular remodeling that occurs in patients with diabetes and HF by reducing the load on the heart?

A

SGLT2 inhibitor (farxiga)

23
Q

what medications can help with volume overload in HF?

A

diuretics (furosemide)

24
Q

what 3 medications should be avoided in patients with HF?

A

NSAIDS
CCB
anticoagulants

25
Q

which medication is good for HF in patients with concomitant afib?

A

digoxin

26
Q

what can be used in a patient with HF + BBB or other intraventricular conduction delay?

A

cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)

27
Q

what is recommended to prevent sudden cardiac death, v-tach, and v-fib?

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

28
Q

what symptom in a patient is a poor prognostic sign?

A

weight loss

29
Q

acute impairment in cardiac pump function resulting in inefficient perfusion to bodily tissues; may represent a new diagnosis or worsening of preexisting chronic HF

A

acute decompensated HF

30
Q

a patient presents with congestion, S3, jugular venous distention, cool extremities, frothy/pink sputum, wheezing, rales and wheezing in lungs, and cheyne-stokes respiration. what are they likely experiencing?

A

acute decompensated HF

31
Q

what 2 diagnostics can be used in a patient for evaluate for ACS?

A

cardiac troponins
ECG

32
Q

what 2 diagnostics can be used for a patient suspected of acute decompensated HF?

A

echo
BNP

33
Q

what are the 2 goals of therapy for ADHF?

A

normalize ventricular filling pressures
restore adequate tissue perfusion

34
Q

what are the 2 main treatments for ADHF?

A

loop diuretics
vasodilators

Cardiology (19 decks)

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