heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
what is normal EF?
A
55-70%
1
Q
common causes of heart failure
A
- chronic HTN
- MI or myocardial ischemia
- hypothyroidism
- atrial fibrillation
- valvular disease
- CAD
2
Q
HFrEF
A
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF <40%) -> contraction failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy
3
Q
HFpEF
A
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF > 40%) -> filling issue due to cardiac hypertrophy
4
Q
right-sided heart failure S/Sx
A
- fatigue
- dependent edema
- weight gain
- ascites
- enlarged liver and spleen
5
Q
left-sided heart failure S/Sx
A
- fatigue
- restlessness
- confusion
- pulmonary congestion
- cough
- crackles
- hemoptysis
- dyspnea/orthopnea
- pulmonary HTN
- cyanosis
6
Q
What is the hallmark S/Sx of heart failure?
A
inability to perform ADLs or exercise intolerance
7
Q
What is the severity scale for heart failure categorization dependant on?
A
ability to perform ADLs
8
Q
What labs are used to determine HF?
A
- BNP
- renal panel (P7, electrolytes, CMP (GFR, albumin)
- thyroid panel
9
Q
What causes ventricular remodeling?
A
- ischemia
- arrhythmia
- increased work of contraction
- myocardial fibrosis
- cardiac inflammation
10
Q
What medications are used to manage HF?
A
- ACE inhibitors - reduces cardiac remodeling and BP
- spironolactone - aldosterone antagonist
- carvedilol - reverses cardiac remodeling and reduces HR
- diuretics - furosemide
- pressors - dobutamine, milrinone
- nitrates - vasodilation
- digoxin
11
Q
A
