heart failure

Question 1

slide 3

Question 2

stages of HF: stage A

Answer 2

At risk for HF but without sx, structural heart disease, or cardiac biomarkers of stretch injury ​

ex: pts with HTN, atherosclerotic CVD, DM, metabolic syndrome and obesity, exposure to cardiac agents, genetic variant for cardiomyopathy, or positive family hx of Cardiomyopathy ​

Question 3

stages of hf: stage b

Answer 3

No s/s of HF AND evidence of 1 of the following: ​
Structural heart disease- ​
Reduced Left or Right Ventricular Systolic Function ​
Reduced EF, reduced strain ​
Ventricular hypertrophy ​
Chamber enlargement ​
Wall motion abnormalities ​
Valvular heart disease ​

Evidence of Increased Filling Pressures-
By invasive hemodynamic measurements ​
By non-invasive imaging suggesting elevated filling pressures (ie doppler echocardiography)
​
Pt with risk factors and -
Increased levels of BNPs or ​
Persistently elevated cardiac troponin​
In the absence of competing diagnoses resulting in such biomarker elevations such as ACS, CKD, PE, or myopericarditis ​

Question 4

stages of hf: stage c

Answer 4

symptomatic hf: Structural heart disease with current or previous sx of HF ​

Question 5

stages of hf stage d

Answer 5

advanced hf: Marked HF sx that interfere with daily life and with recurrent hospitalizations despite attempts to optimize GDMT