Heart Failure & Drug therapy

Question 1

Stroke volume

Answer 1

amount of blood pumped out of ventricle with each beat/contraction

Question 2

Cardiac output

Answer 2

total volume pumped in 1 minute

Question 3

Preload

Answer 3

amount of blood returned to right side of heart at end of diastole

Question 4

Afterload

Answer 4

pressure that left ventricle has to pump against (resistance it must overcome to circulate blood)

Question 5

what does ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 5

block ACE from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II

Question 6

ACE inhibitors med suffix

Answer 6

“pril”

Question 7

ACE inhibitors
adverse effects

Answer 7

dry cough

Question 8

what does ARBS do?

Answer 8

blocks angiotensin II receptors

Question 9

ARBS med suffix

Answer 9

“sartan”

Question 10

ARBS adverse effects

Answer 10

hyperkalemia, dizziness

Question 11

what does alpha blockers do?

Answer 11

keeps norepinephrine from tightening muscles in vessel walls

Question 12

Alpha blockers med suffix

Answer 12

“osin”

Question 13

Alpha blockers adverse effects

Answer 13

orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headaches

Question 14

what do beta blockers do?

Answer 14

block effects of epinephrine, slow HR
nonselective (lungs, other organs) & selective (cardio selective)

Question 15

Beta blocker med safety

Answer 15

DO NOT GIVE NONSELECTIVE BETA BLOCKER TO PT WITH RESPIRATORY ISSUES

Question 16

Beta blocker med suffix

Answer 16

“lol”

Question 17

Beta blocker adverse effects

Answer 17

erectile dysfunction, fatigue, weakness

Question 18

What do calcium channel blockers do?
Med safety

Answer 18

stop calcium from entering heart & artery cells
AVOID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers med suffix

Answer 19

“dipine” with exception of diltiazem & verapamil

Question 20

Calcium channel blockers adverse effects

Answer 20

hypotension, edema, constipation

Question 21

Loop Diuretics function

Answer 21

inhibit Na to transport into blood

Question 22

Diuretic suffix

Answer 22

“ide”

Question 23

Loop diuretics adverse effects

Answer 23

dehydration, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

Thiazide diuretics function

Answer 24

increase excretion of Na & water through kidneys

Question 25

Thiazide meds

Answer 25

hydrochlorothiazide; usually 1st line of treatment for high bp

Question 26

Thiazide adverse effects

Answer 26

hyperglycemia, hypokalemia

Question 27

Potassium sparing diuretics function

Answer 27

gets rid of excess water, but keeps K in

Question 28

Potassium sparing meds

Answer 28

Spironolactone (aldactone)

Question 29

Potassium sparing adverse effects

Answer 29

hyperkalemia

Question 30

Cardiac Glycosides function

Answer 30

inhibits cell membranes from pumping Na out, which increases Na in cells, increases calcium build up which produces stronger contractions, SLOW HR

Question 31

Cardiac glycosides med suffix

Answer 31

"in" digoxin, oleandrin

Question 32

Cardiac glycosides adverse effects

Answer 32

bradycardia, yellow-green vision

Question 33

Antiplatelet function

Answer 33

prevents platelets from sticking together used for heart attack, stroke, stent

Question 34

Antiplatelet meds

Answer 34

aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor

Question 35

Antiplatelet adverse effects

Answer 35

reyes syndrome, tinnitus

Question 36

Anticoagulants-warfarin function

Answer 36

inhibits vitamin k

Question 37

Warfarin pre-tests

Answer 37

PT and INR

Question 38

Anticoagulants-heparin function

Answer 38

prevents thrombin from converting fibrogen into fibrin

Question 39

Heparin pre-test antidote

Answer 39

aPTT protamine

Question 40

Heparin adverse effects

Answer 40

anemia

Question 41

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) function

Answer 41

prevent blood clots

Question 42

Enoxaparin med safety

Answer 42

has air bubble (on purpose) to distribute better

Question 43

Thrombolytics function IMPORTANT factor

Answer 43

dissolves clots Given within 3 hrs to prevent long term effects

Question 44

Nitroglycerin

Answer 44

vasodilator

Question 45

Nitroglycerin drug to drug interactions

Answer 45

DO NOT TAKE VIAGRA while on nitroglycerin causes severe hypotension

Question 46

Nitroglycerin adverse effects

Answer 46

headaches, dizziness, hypotension