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S&F III: Exam 1 > Heart Morphology > Flashcards

Heart Morphology Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Atria receive?

A

(2) venous blood

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2
Q

Ventricles do?

A

(2) pump blood away from heart via lg arteries

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3
Q

Pulmonary Circuit (Rt)

A

SVC/IVC–>deoxy blood into RA–>RV–>PT–>lungs

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4
Q

Systemic Circuit (Lt)

A

4PVv–>oxy blood into LA–>LV–>AA

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5
Q

Heart Rotation

A

embryo: RA/RV on R; LA/LV on L
fetus: Atria on R; Ventricles on L

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6
Q

Right border of Heart

A

right atrium; from 3rd-6th right costal cartilages

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7
Q

inferior border of heart

A

right ventricle, apex; from 6th right costal cartilage to apex of heart

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8
Q

apex of heart

A

part of left ventricle; located 5th left ICS at midclavicular line

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9
Q

left border of heart

A

LV, left auricle of LV; from apex to left 2nd costal cartilage

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10
Q

superior border

A

term/origin of great vessels, right and left auricles; from 2nd left to 3rd right costal cartilage

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11
Q

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus

A

separates atria from ventricles

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12
Q

anterior and poster interventricular sulci

A

separates LV/RV

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13
Q

anterior (sternocostal) surface

A

RV and slight RA

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14
Q

inferior (diaphragmatic) surface

A

RV and LV

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15
Q

posterior surface

A

LA

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16
Q

crista terminalis

A

divides the RA into two morpho divisions

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17
Q

anterior part of RA

A

muscular walls forming the musculi pectinati

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18
Q

musculi pectinati

A

small crisscrossing ridges in ant. RA

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19
Q

posterior part of RA

A

smooth walled, receives SVC/IVC and coronary sinus

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20
Q

coronary sinus

A

coronary vein of the heart

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21
Q

right auricle

A

small pouch-like appendage of RA that surrounded by musculi pectinati

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22
Q

posterior wall of RA

A

forms part of the interatrial septum that separates LA/RA

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23
Q

fossa ovalis

A

in posterior wall of RA; thin-walled remnant of foramen ovale

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24
Q

limbus of fossa ovalis

A

thick upper margin of fossa

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25
foramen ovale
in fetus, allows blood flow from RA to LA (bypassing lungs)
26
probe-patent foramen ovale
minor ASD resulting from improper congenital closure
27
Trabeculae Carnae of RV
irregular ridges of muscle that line the ventricular lumen, including the moderator band
28
moderator band
specialized muscle that aids in the electrical conduction system
29
infundibulum (conus arteriosus) of RV
superior, cone-shaped part of ventricle that is smooth-walled and inf. to orifice of PT
30
posterior wall of RV
forms part of interventricular septum
31
tricuspid valve
right atrioventricle orifice, three cusps that have ventricular attachment and free margins
32
anulus fibrosis
ring of fibrous tissue that tricuspid valve cusps attach to
33
anterior cusp of tricuspid
anterior wall of RV
34
posterior cusp of tricuspid
inferior to anterior cusp
35
septal cusp of tricuspid
posteriorly on interventricular septal wall
36
chordae tendineae
attach the cusps to the papillary muscles and to each other.
37
how do valves close?
force of ventricular blood against tensed cusps; NOT PAPILLARY MUSCLES
38
Pulmonary Valve
three semilunar cusps, sinus, closes off with systole
39
pulmonary valve incompetence
thickened and inflexible free margins of cusp cause no valve closure
40
pulmonary stenosis/ aortic stenosis
disease causes hardening; hypertrophy of respective valve
41
fibrous skeleton of heart
CT; provides attachment for valves/cardiac fibers, separates muscles of the two chambers, rigidity to orifices
42
left atrium
smooth walled, except auricle (pectinate) | receives 4 PV
43
left ventricle
3x thicker than right bc of AA
44
lining of LV
trabeculae carnae except at aortic vestibule
45
aortic vestibule
smooth walled | below Aortic valve
46
interventicular septum
composed of muscular and membranous sections
47
membranous section of IVS
thin, inf. to right and posterior valves of aortic valve
48
VSD
@ membranous section of IVS
49
bicuspid valve
two cusps (post. and ant.)
50
rheumatic fever
bicuspid valve affected due to Ca2+ deposits
51
Aortic valve
3 semilunar cusps; openings to right and left coronary arteries DIASTOLE
52
Diastolic valves
1) atria contract and ventricles relax 2) tricuspid and bicuspid open 3) aortic and pulmonary valves closed
53
Systolic valves
1) atria relax, ventricles contract 2) tricuspid/bicuspid close 3) aortic and pulmonary valve open
54
coronary vessels
provide blood to heart muscle | located in atrioventricular and interventricular sulci
55
Right Coronary A.
descents into atrioventricular sulcus supplies: rt heart, SA and AV nodes, post 1/3 of IVS
56
Sinuatrial nodal artery
supplies SA node (RCA branch)
57
Marginal artery
passes along inferior RV margin towards apex (RCA branch)
58
AV nodal artery
supplies AV node and atrioventricular bundles (RCA branch)
59
atrioventricular bundles
part of conduction system from AV node to ventricles (RCA)
60
posterior interventricular branch (Post. Desc. A)
(RCA) supplies R/LV and post 1/3 of IVS
61
coronary anastomoses
PIVB with AIVB | Circumflex Branch with term. RCA
62
Left Coronary Artery
supplies: Lt heart, ant 2/3 of IVS, atrioventricular bundles
63
LAD (ant. descend. A)
supplies both ventricles and ant 2/3 of IVS inferior atrioventricular sulcus
64
Circumflex branch of LCA
posterior AVSulcus supplies lt. heart anastomoses with termination of RCA
65
Right dominant heart
PIVB supplied by RCA
66
Lt dominant heart
PIVB supplied by circumflex branch of LCA; death with blockage
67
myocardial infarction
due to artherosclerosis of Coronary arteries
68
Coronary bypass sx
occluded artery replaced by leg vein, or ICA
69
angioplasty
inserted into occluded artery through AA
70
Coronary Sinus
large vein in post. part of AV sulcus which receives most of blood of heart thru tributaries (great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein)
71
Where does coronary sinus open and what's its valve like?
RA superior to IVC opening; rudimentary (1 cusp)
72
Great Cardiac Vein
anterior part of Interventricular sulcus and courses post. into AV sulcus; drains area of heart supplied by LCA
73
Middle Cardiac Vein
posterior part of IV sulcus drains area supplied by PIVA
74
Small Cardiac Vein
right ant/-inf. margin of LV drains area supplied by Marginal Artery
75
Anterior Cardiac Veins
2-4 veins that drain into RA
76
what tributaries enter the Coronary Sinus?
Great, Middle, and Small Cardiac Veins
77
Venae Cordis Minimae (Smallest)
open directly into chambers of heart
78
SA node
pacemaker of heart, located superior part of Crista Terminalis in RA
79
why do atrial conductions not reach ventricles?
fibrous skeleton of the heart prevents conductionn
80
AV node
inferior part of interatrial septum; sends delayed impulses to AV bundle
81
AV bundle
pierces Fibrous Rings; passes through IVS
82
Right AV bundle
passes through moderator band (septomarginal trabeculae)
83
where does moderator band attach
base of anterior papillary muscle
84
Left AV bundle
supplies LV and papillary muscles
85
where is Artificial pacemaker connected?
right ventricle
86
vagus nerve
(parasympathetics) decreases heart rate and force of beat; constricts coronary arteries
87
sympathetic nerves
increase HR and force of beat; dilate coronary arteries
88
Sensory Fibers to Heart
INSENS. TO TOUCH AND TEMP.; react to metabolic prod. from ischemia
89
where to sensory heart fibers enter SC?
T1-t4 on left side
90
referred pain from heart location?
chest and upper arm

S&F III: Exam 1 (17 decks)

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