Heart & Neck Abnormal Findings Flashcards
position of AV valve at start of systole; wide open and no time for leaflets to drift together
loud S1
position of AV valve delayed conduction from atria to ventricles, mitral valve drifts shut before ventricular contraction closes it
diminished S1
higher closing pressure, increased pressure in aorta, pulmonary hypertension, semilunar valves calcified but still mobile
accentuated S2
decrease in valve strength, caused by a fall in systemic blood pressure and semilunar valves thickened and calcified with decreased mobility
diminished S2
mitral and tricuspid components are heard separately
split S1
split unaffected by respiration, the split is always there
fixed split
occurs in early diastole during rapid filling phase. sounds after S2, dull, soft sound and is low pitched like”distant thunder”. best heard in quiet room at apex or left lower sternal border.
S3
when both S3 and S4 pathological sounds are present
summation sound
ventricular filling sound. occurs when atria contract late in diastole, heard immediately before S1. ver soft sound and very low pitch. heard best at apex with bell with pt in lateral position
S4
inflammation of the precordium results in a high pitched, scratchy, best heard with diaphragm
pericardial friction rub
right ventricular outflow stenosis, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta
tetralogy of fallot
severe narrowing of descending aorta, usually at the junction of the ductus arteriosus and aortic arch, just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery
coarctation of the aorta
calcification of aortic valve cusps restricts forward flow of blood during systole; hypertrophy of LV develops
aortic stenosis
calcification of pulmonic valve restricts forward flow of blood
pulmonic stenosis
stream of blood regurgitates back into LA during systole through incompetent mitral valve
mitral regurgitation
