Heart pt 1

Question 1

Heart location

Answer 1

-Posterior to sternum between 2nd and 6th rib

Question 2

The heart is rotated ___and the ____ half faces anteriorly.

Apex points ___ and ____.

Answer 2

Left, Right

Down, left

Question 3

Mediastinum

Answer 3

Space in between lungs, heart located in the middle mediastinum

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

Two types of connective tissue sheaths around the heart

• Fibrous
• Serous

Question 5

3 layers of the heart

Answer 5

• myocardium
• endocardium
• epicardium

Question 6

Serous pericardium function

Answer 6

• Bursa reduces friction (lubricant in pericardial cavity)

- fist in a balloon model

Question 7

Serious pericardium layers

Answer 7

• parietal layer: outter layer, adhered to inner surface of fibrous pericardium
• visceral layer: invests heart (also called epicardium

Question 8

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 8

• thick layer of connective tissue that loosely surrounds heart
• adheres to sternum, diaphragm and parietal pleura (Long bursa)

Question 9

Cardiac muscle

Answer 9

Myocardium

Question 10

Myocardium 3 parts

Answer 10

• Bulbospiral muscle- wrings out heart
• pectinate muscle: thin atrial cardiac muscle fiber
• trabecular carneae: thick ventricle cardiac muscle fibers on inner surface

Question 11

Endocardium

Answer 11

Connective tissue lining interior surface

Question 12

Epicardium

Answer 12

Connective tissue adhered to exterior surface = visceral serous pericardium

Question 13

Right heart transports

Answer 13

Deoxygenated venous blood to lungs

Question 14

Left heart transports

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood from lungs to peripheral tissues

Question 15

_____ and ______ maintain one way flow through heart

Answer 15

Atrioventricular (AV)

Semilunar valves

Question 16

Tricuspid AV valve

Answer 16

Conducts blood from right atrium to right ventricle

Question 17

Pulmonary valve

Answer 17

Conducts blood from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk/arteries

Question 18

Bicuspid (mitral) AV valve

Answer 18

Conducts blood from the left atrium into left ventricle

Question 19

Aortic valve

Answer 19

Conducts blood from left ventricle into aorta

Question 20

Right atrium:

______ and ______ bring deoxygenated blood from body into atrium

Answer 20

Superior and inferior vena cava (SVC and IVC)

Question 21

Right atrium:

Fossa ovalis

Answer 21

Site of foramen, a prenatal aperture that directs blood from right to left atrium

Question 22

Right atrium:

_____ and _____ contract to push blood into ventricle

Answer 22

Pectinate muscles and vestigial auricle

Question 23

Opening of coronary sinus located in _____

Answer 23

Right atrium

Question 24

Right ventricle:

Tricuspid valve

Answer 24

• 3 cusps
• papillary muscles
• cordinae tendinae
• moderator band (part of bundle of His)

Question 25

Right ventricle: | Trabeculae carnae

Answer 25

Dense smooth muscle bundles in wall

Question 26

Right ventricle: | Pulmonary semi lunar valves

Answer 26

Guides blood out through pulmonary trunk

Question 27

__ pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood into the Left atrium

Answer 27

4

Question 28

_____ atrium has thin walls and little Pectinate muscle

Answer 28

Left atrium

Question 29

Location of left auricle

Answer 29

Left atrium

Question 30

Left ventricle: | Bicuspid valve has

Answer 30

Two cusps and cordinea tendinae a attached to papillary muscles

Question 31

Left ventricle: | Thick layer of ____ and _____

Answer 31

Myocardium and Trabeculae carnae

Question 32

Left ventricle: | _____ guides blood through the aorta

Answer 32

Aortic semi lunar valve

Question 33

Atrioventricular valves: | Held in place by _____ attached to ____

Answer 33

Chordae tendinae | Papillary muscles

Question 34

Atrioventricular valves: _____ separates cusps _____ closes valves

Answer 34

Entry of blood | Ventricular contraction creates pressure that

Question 35

Atrioventricular valves: | Papillary muscle contraction prevents

Answer 35

Eversion during systole

Question 36

Stem from aortic sinuses and give off descending branches

Answer 36

Right and Left coronary arteries

Question 37

Left coronary artery branches-

Answer 37

- left anterior descending (interventricular) artery | - circumflex artery ("anastomoses" with right coronary artery)

Question 38

Anastomoses

Answer 38

where two arteries meet, allows for equal amount of blood flow through the region

Question 39

Right coronary artery branches-

Answer 39

``` posterior descending (interventricular) -marginal (inferior margin of hear) ```

Question 40

Ejection of blood from heart is _____ (contraction) | Filling of the heart is ______

Answer 40

- systole | - diastole

Question 41

Systole valves and function

Answer 41

- atrioventricular valves: contraction increases blood pressure in ventricle, pushing cusps together to close valve - semilunar valves: blood ejection pushes cusps aside

Question 42

Diastole valves and function

Answer 42

- AV opens cusps | - Semilunar valves: retro flow from pulmonary trunk and aorta fills sinuses behind cusps and closes valve

Question 43

First heart sound | Second heart sound

Answer 43

``` Lub= closure of AV valve Dub= closure of semilunar valve ```

Question 44

Semilunar valve location

Answer 44

-base of pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 45

aortic/pulmonary sinuses:

Answer 45

spaces behind cusps of semilunar valve which catch blood during diastole

Question 46

what creates sound of the heart

Answer 46

turbulence, collision of fluids

Question 47

enlarged heart is a compensation for

Answer 47

blood not being properly ejected

Question 48

Coronary vein (below) parallels ______ artery Great cardiac- Middle cardiac parallels- Small cardiac parallels-

Answer 48

- anterior descending - posterior descending - marginal

Question 49

What drains most of the coronary blood into the right atrium

Answer 49

coronary sinus

Question 50

coronary blood perfusion occurs during

Answer 50

diastole as the semilunar valves close

Question 51

coronary atherosclerosis

Answer 51

atherosclerotic plaques reduce blood flow and deprive tissue of oxygen downstream from blockage

Question 52

collateral circulation in the heart

Answer 52

gradual ischemia induce formation of collateral arteries that compensate for coronary artery occlusion increased collusion = decreased ability to compensate

Question 53

treatment for blocked coronary arteries

Answer 53

- coronary bypass: inserting a shunt from aorta to affected area beyond occlusion - -sections for repair taken from saphenous leg veins for small arteries - -internal thoracic arteris repair larger arteries - angio plasty

Question 54

angina pecotris

Answer 54

"a strangling feeling in the chest" | not enough blood to tissues which accelerates heart and drives more blood through the already occluded system

Question 55

angina symptoms

Answer 55

pain pressure heaviness tightness squeezing burning choking assoc. with lack of oxygen precipitated by emotional stress or exertion

Question 56

angina treatment

Answer 56

vasodilate arteries | reduce load of heart

Question 57

angina referred pain

Answer 57

produced by sensation of somatic sensory pathways co-localized with heart pain pathways at same levels of spinal cord

Question 58

CT Angiography

Answer 58

series of X-rays used to mathematically reconstruct the inner densities of an organ with 3D image clear picture of soft internal structures

Question 59

Echocardiogram

Answer 59

sonogram of heart, ultrasound images to assess blood flow