Heart - Unit 2

Question 1

3 membranes covering the heart

Answer 1

fibrous, parietal, and visceral paricardiums

Question 2

the thick/outer pericardium layer that helps protect heart by suspending it in chest, and prevents overfilling of blood

Answer 2

fibrous

Question 3

thin/slick pericardium underneath fibrous pericardium. it decreases friction between heart and fibrous

Answer 3

parietal

Question 4

innermost pericardium and outerlayer of heart wall. thin/slick and contains fat. helps decrease friction.

Answer 4

visceral

Question 5

pericardial fluid is

Answer 5

the small V of clear lubricant between parietal and visceral pericardiums

Question 6

3 layers of heart wall

Answer 6

epi, myo, endo-
cardiums

Question 7

outer layer of heart wall

Answer 7

epicardium

Question 8

thick middle layer of heart walls. cardiac muscle tissue.

Answer 8

myocardium

Question 9

deepest layer of heart walls. clear/slick membrane that decreases friction between blood and heart. lines the chambers and valves

Answer 9

endocardium

Question 10

4 chambers of heart

Answer 10

left/right atrium and ventricle

Question 11

interatrial septum

Answer 11

separates LA from RA

Question 12

interventricular septum

Answer 12

separates LV from RV

Question 13

tricuspid valve

Answer 13

allows blood flow from RA to RV

Question 14

bicuspid valve

Answer 14

allows blood flow from LA to LV

Question 15

cordlike tendons attached to underside of AV valves and binds to ventricular walls via papillary muscles. prevent valves from inverting

Answer 15

chordae tendinae

Question 16

tiny blood vessels with leaky walls

Answer 16

capillaries

Question 17

large blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

Answer 17

artery

Question 18

large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

Answer 18

veins

Question 19

arteries that branch of aorta and supply blood to myocardium

Answer 19

coronary

Question 20

veins that drain blood from myocardium to coronary sinus

Answer 20

cardiac veins

Question 21

2 circuts of blood

Answer 21

systemic and pulmonary

Question 22

LV pumps blood through it. goes from oxy to deoxy

Answer 22

systemic circut

Question 23

RV pumps blood through it. goes from deoxy to oxy

Answer 23

pulmonary circut

Question 24

pulmonary arteries carry blood to

Answer 24

lungs

Question 25

pulmonary cappilaries surround ____ in lungs to become oxygentated

Answer 25

alveoli

Question 26

short striated branches cells with neighboring cells connected with gap junctions

Answer 26

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 27

cardiac muscle tissue is ______ controlled and is stimulated by electricity

Answer 27

unconsciouslly

Question 28

self-generated cells found in simatrial node

Answer 28

autorythmic cells

Question 29

a tiny patch of RA

Answer 29

simatrial node

Question 30

electricity flows through atrias to contract in unison then flows down __ ___ to apex then up the ventricles

Answer 30

interventricular septum

Question 31

machine that measures electrical activity of the heart

Answer 31

electrocardiogram (EKG)

Question 32

P wave in EKG graph

Answer 32

electricity is flowing through atria and atrial cells are depolarizing (atria contracts)

Question 33

QRS complex in EKG graph

Answer 33

electricity flows through ventricle and ventricle cells are depolarizing and atria cells are repolarizing (ventricle contracts)

Question 34

T wave in EKG graph

Answer 34

ventricle cells are repolarizing

Question 35

A heart attack is seen on an EKG in the ___ wave

Answer 35

T

Question 36

diastole

Answer 36

period of relaxation

Question 37

systole

Answer 37

period of contraction

Question 38

cardiac cycle consists of

Answer 38

atrial/ventricular systole and diastole

Question 39

atrial systole

Answer 39

when atria is contracting (P to Q wave)

Question 40

atrial diastole

Answer 40

when atria is relaxing (Q to P wave)

Question 41

Ventricle systole

Answer 41

when ventricles are contracting (Q to T wave)

Question 42

Ventricle diastole

Answer 42

when ventricles are relaxing (T to Q wave)

Question 43

Heart beat sound is from the

Answer 43

AV and SL valve closing

Question 44

cardiac output

Answer 44

v of blood pumped out of ventricle per minute

Question 45

heart rate

Answer 45

number of times heart beats per minute

Question 46

condition of high heart bpm at rest

Answer 46

tachycardia

Question 47

condition of low heart bpm at rest

Answer 47

bradycardia

Question 48

stroke volume

Answer 48

volume of blood pumped out of ventricle per beat

Question 49

cardiac output is calculated by

Answer 49

heart rate times stroke volume

Question 50

3 factors that influence heart rate

Answer 50

parasymp NS, symp NS, hormones

Question 51

3 factors that influence stroke volume

Answer 51

effect of NE/Epi on myocardium, preload, and afterload

Question 52

preload

Answer 52

amount of blood filling ventricles between heartbeats

Question 53

preload can change from (3 things)

Answer 53

blood volume (increases both), skeletal muscle contractions (causes more blood to heart), gravity (opposite effects on SV and preload)

Question 54

afterload

Answer 54

blood pressure that LV/RV must overcome to pump blood out (aka pressure in pulm trunk/aorta)

Question 55

cardiac arrest

Answer 55

heart stops beating from lack of fresh blood supply

Question 56

myocardium infraction

Answer 56

heart attack from lack of blood flow in arteries

Question 57

cognitive heart failure

Answer 57

heart cant pump blood effectively