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A+P 2 > Heart - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Heart - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 membranes covering the heart

A

fibrous, parietal, and visceral paricardiums

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2
Q

the thick/outer pericardium layer that helps protect heart by suspending it in chest, and prevents overfilling of blood

A

fibrous

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3
Q

thin/slick pericardium underneath fibrous pericardium. it decreases friction between heart and fibrous

A

parietal

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4
Q

innermost pericardium and outerlayer of heart wall. thin/slick and contains fat. helps decrease friction.

A

visceral

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5
Q

pericardial fluid is

A

the small V of clear lubricant between parietal and visceral pericardiums

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6
Q

3 layers of heart wall

A

epi, myo, endo-
cardiums

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7
Q

outer layer of heart wall

A

epicardium

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8
Q

thick middle layer of heart walls. cardiac muscle tissue.

A

myocardium

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9
Q

deepest layer of heart walls. clear/slick membrane that decreases friction between blood and heart. lines the chambers and valves

A

endocardium

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10
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

left/right atrium and ventricle

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11
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates LA from RA

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12
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates LV from RV

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13
Q

tricuspid valve

A

allows blood flow from RA to RV

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14
Q

bicuspid valve

A

allows blood flow from LA to LV

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15
Q

cordlike tendons attached to underside of AV valves and binds to ventricular walls via papillary muscles. prevent valves from inverting

A

chordae tendinae

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16
Q

tiny blood vessels with leaky walls

A

capillaries

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17
Q

large blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

A

artery

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18
Q

large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

A

veins

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19
Q

arteries that branch of aorta and supply blood to myocardium

A

coronary

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20
Q

veins that drain blood from myocardium to coronary sinus

A

cardiac veins

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21
Q

2 circuts of blood

A

systemic and pulmonary

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22
Q

LV pumps blood through it. goes from oxy to deoxy

A

systemic circut

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23
Q

RV pumps blood through it. goes from deoxy to oxy

A

pulmonary circut

24
Q

pulmonary arteries carry blood to

A

lungs

25
Q

pulmonary cappilaries surround ____ in lungs to become oxygentated

A

alveoli

26
Q

short striated branches cells with neighboring cells connected with gap junctions

A

cardiac muscle tissue

27
Q

cardiac muscle tissue is ______ controlled and is stimulated by electricity

A

unconsciouslly

28
Q

self-generated cells found in simatrial node

A

autorythmic cells

29
Q

a tiny patch of RA

A

simatrial node

30
Q

electricity flows through atrias to contract in unison then flows down __ ___ to apex then up the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

31
Q

machine that measures electrical activity of the heart

A

electrocardiogram (EKG)

32
Q

P wave in EKG graph

A

electricity is flowing through atria and atrial cells are depolarizing (atria contracts)

33
Q

QRS complex in EKG graph

A

electricity flows through ventricle and ventricle cells are depolarizing and atria cells are repolarizing (ventricle contracts)

34
Q

T wave in EKG graph

A

ventricle cells are repolarizing

35
Q

A heart attack is seen on an EKG in the ___ wave

A

T

36
Q

diastole

A

period of relaxation

37
Q

systole

A

period of contraction

38
Q

cardiac cycle consists of

A

atrial/ventricular systole and diastole

39
Q

atrial systole

A

when atria is contracting (P to Q wave)

40
Q

atrial diastole

A

when atria is relaxing (Q to P wave)

41
Q

Ventricle systole

A

when ventricles are contracting (Q to T wave)

42
Q

Ventricle diastole

A

when ventricles are relaxing (T to Q wave)

43
Q

Heart beat sound is from the

A

AV and SL valve closing

44
Q

cardiac output

A

v of blood pumped out of ventricle per minute

45
Q

heart rate

A

number of times heart beats per minute

46
Q

condition of high heart bpm at rest

A

tachycardia

47
Q

condition of low heart bpm at rest

A

bradycardia

48
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped out of ventricle per beat

49
Q

cardiac output is calculated by

A

heart rate times stroke volume

50
Q

3 factors that influence heart rate

A

parasymp NS, symp NS, hormones

51
Q

3 factors that influence stroke volume

A

effect of NE/Epi on myocardium, preload, and afterload

52
Q

preload

A

amount of blood filling ventricles between heartbeats

53
Q

preload can change from (3 things)

A

blood volume (increases both), skeletal muscle contractions (causes more blood to heart), gravity (opposite effects on SV and preload)

54
Q

afterload

A

blood pressure that LV/RV must overcome to pump blood out (aka pressure in pulm trunk/aorta)

55
Q

cardiac arrest

A

heart stops beating from lack of fresh blood supply

56
Q

myocardium infraction

A

heart attack from lack of blood flow in arteries

57
Q

cognitive heart failure

A

heart cant pump blood effectively

A+P 2 (7 decks)

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