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NUR 718 exam 1 > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

hordeolum description, s/s, tx

A

“stye”, abcess on the eyelid - unilateral

localized pain, swelling, erythema

self-resolving, warm/moist compress, bacitracin/erythromycin in acute phase by optho after 1-2 weeks

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2
Q

chalazion description, s/s, tx

A

granulomatous inflammation of meimobian gland

painless, localized eyelid swelling

large lesions - warm compress, refer to optho for drainage/steroids

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3
Q

difference btw hordeolum & chalzaion

A

hordeolum - tender
chalazion - non-tender

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4
Q

cataracts description, s/s, tx

A

gradual, progressive thickening off the lens d/t protein buildup (normal process of aging)

progressive loss of vision, distance w distance vision, loss of red reflex

surgical treatment if sx impair with ADLs

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5
Q

age-related macular degeneration description, s/s, tx

A

loss of central vision

non-exudative (dry) - more common, over years
exudative (wet) - over months, more severe

dry - antioxidants
wet - VEGF inhibitors

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6
Q

conjunctivitis transmission

A

contact

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7
Q

viral conjunctivitis s/s

A

bilateral

gritty feeling in eyes, irritation

conjunctival injection

wattery/serous drainage, perfuse tearing, morning crusting

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8
Q

pathogen cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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9
Q

viral conjunctivitis tx

A

supportive care
cold compress, artificial tears

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10
Q

complicated viral conjunctivitis & tx

A

unilateral

herpes simplex virus

tx w topical antivirals - gancyclovir
refer to optho! can threaten vision

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11
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis pathogens

A

staph aureus - adults
strep pneumoniae - military/colleges

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12
Q

s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

unilateral or bilateral

redness, purulent thick discharge

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13
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

req for contact wearers!

erythromycin, fluoroquinolone/bacitracin topical

contacts - fluoroquinolone & no contacts

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14
Q

complicated bacterial conjunctivitis & s/s & tx

A

gonocococcal conjunctivitis

copious purulent drainage
corneal involvement can lead to corneal perf

emergency!

1 g ceftriaxone IM, topical fluoroquinolone, refer!

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15
Q

corneal abrasion description, s/s

A

trauma to cornea

extreme pain, foreign body sensation, wattery/purulent discharge

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16
Q

corneal abrasion diagnosis & management

A

fluorescein strip - dye uptake

abx to prevent superinfection

large - cycloplegic drops <48 h
small clean - topical erythromycin/tobramycin bacitracin/polymyxin
dirty - cipro, ofloxacin, tobramycin

tetanus

optho f/u within 24h

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17
Q

diabetic retinopathy classifications

A

non-proliferative - less severe, more common
proliferative - neovascularization, may have retinal detachment

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18
Q

s/s of diabetic retinopathy

A

early - asymptomatic
late - floaters, blurred vision, progressive visual acuity loss

cotton-wool spots
micro aneurysms - early, hemorrhages

visual acuity & symptoms are poor guides presence of DR!!!

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19
Q

diabetic retinopathy diagnostics & management

A

ophthalmoscopic exam
fluorescein angiography
optical coherence tomography

DM control & annual screening
refer!!! retinal specialist

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20
Q

retinal detachment def & mgmt

A

separation of inner layers of retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium

spontaneous or due to trauma

rhegmetogenous - common, non-traumatic
nonrhegmatogenous - d/t stress/traction

emergency! refer to optho for surgery

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21
Q

s/s of retinal detachment

A

photopsia - flashes of light
rapid loss of vision in curtain-like fashion “shadow, cloud”
floaters
no pain or redness

22
Q

central retina artery obstruction def, s/s

A

medical emergency!
most often caused by embolus

acute, painless, partial loss of vision (descending nightshade, monocular)

fundoscope - box car/cherry red spots

23
Q

central / branchh renal artery obstruction mgmt

A

r/o other causes
ocular massage
acetazolamide & beta blocker while waiting for optho

optho - revascularization & anterior chamber paracentesis

24
Q

chronic glaucoma s/s, mgmt

A

asymptomatic, then loss of peripheral fields
optic disc cupping
IOP >20 mg Hg

prostaglandin analogues
B-blockers
laser therapy/surgery

25
Q

acute glaucoma s/s, mgmt

A

ocular emergency!!

red, painful eye, cloudy blurred vision, nausea
minimally reactive pupil
IOP 40-90 mmHg

acetazolamide
beta blocking drops

26
Q

bells palsy s/s, tx

A

acute onset of unilateral upper/lower facial paralysis

no other neuro deficits

prednisone 60-80 mg x5-7 days

27
Q

diagnostic tests for benign positional vertigo

A

Dix-hallpike test
empley Maneuvers

28
Q

tx for benign positional vertigo

A

antihistamines
anticholinergics

29
Q

s/s of benign positional vertigo

A

room spinning after head movement

30
Q

s/s of trigeminal neuralgia

A

paroxysmal episodes of stabbing unilateral facial pain

starts near mouth, shoots up

exacerbated by touch, eating

31
Q

first line management for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

32
Q

weber test interpretation

A

conductive - sound is louder poorer-hearing ear
sensorineural - sound radiates to better ear

33
Q

rinne test interpretation

A

normal - air>bone
conductive - bone>air
sensorineural - air > bone (but less time than normal)

34
Q

who needs hearing screening?

A

> 65 or exposure populations

35
Q

sdfasdfasd

A

dsfasd

36
Q

acute otitis external s/s

A

fullness, itching, pail

pinna erythema, edema, discharge, TM erythematous

37
Q

acute otitis external tx

A

fluoroquinolone OR neomycin/polymixin B

38
Q

dsafasd

A

sdfadsafdsf

39
Q

s/s of otitis media

A

decreased hearing, fever, N/V

erythematous, bulging TM

40
Q

otitis media tx

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin)

5-7 days

treat all abx!!

41
Q

exam findings for allergic rhinitis

A

allergic shiners - dark circles around eyes
nasal crease - in lower half of nose
boggy, swollen, nasal turbinates
thin, wattery secretions

42
Q

afdsfa

A

dasfdsad

43
Q

bacterial rhinosinusitis tx

A

amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin)

44
Q

oral candidiasis pathogen

A

Candida albicans

45
Q

oral candidiasis tx

A

fluconazole PO 7-14 days

46
Q

pharyngitis pathogen

A

group A B-hemolytic strep

47
Q

bact pharyngitis tx

A

penicillin V 500 mg or amoxicillin

48
Q

epiglottitis pathogen

A

H. flu

49
Q

alert for epiglottitis

A

rapidly developing sore throat, hot potato voice

50
Q

epiglottis s/s, diagnostics

A

tripoding, uncontrolled secretions, stridor - late, adenopathy, drooling

thumb sign on CXR

51
Q

epiglottis management

A

ABCs

ceftriaxone & another agent

52
Q

fadsfa

A

fads

NUR 718 exam 1 (6 decks)

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