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HEENT Flashcards

(90 cards)

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0
Q

What drugs cause BL swelling on the the glands?

A 
Sulfonamide 
Lead 
Mercury 
Iodine 
PTU
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1
Q

Unilateral swelling

A

Ductal calculus-infection

Painless swelling- tumor

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2
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

Gives constant irrigation to keep conjunctiva and cornea moist
Secretes tears

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3
Q

Where do tears drain

A

Puncta at inner canthus to nasolacrimal sac to nose

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4
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

6 muscles : 4 straight movement, 2 oblique movement

CN 3,4,6

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5
Q

Which CN are responsible for corneal reflex

A

CN 5 & 7

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6
Q

Macula

A

Point of vision

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7
Q

Glaucoma screening

A

AA 20-39 q3-5
40-64 q2-4
65> q1-2

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8
Q

Snellen chart

A

Acuity at distance
Smallest line that can see more than 1/2 letters
Refer if difference is more than 2 lines between eyes

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9
Q

Baby sight at 1 mo

A

Fixes objects

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10
Q

Baby sight at 1 1/2mo

A

Coordinated eye movements

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11
Q

Baby sight at 3 mo

A

Convergence, reach/touch

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12
Q

Baby sight at 12 mo

A

Acuity 50/50

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13
Q

Sight at less than 4yrs

A

20/40

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14
Q

Sight at greater than 4yrs

A

20/30

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15
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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16
Q

Astigmatism

A

Irregular curvature of eyes surface

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17
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness with age

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18
Q

Ocular manifestation of systemic disease

A

HTN DM

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19
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of uveal tract including iris, ciliary body, choroid

Fluid collection at bottom of eye

3rd cause of blindness

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20
Q

Visual fields/ confrontation

A

Peripheral vision

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21
Q

Corneal light reflex

A

Parallel alignment of eye axis

12in away shine light into eye
Reflection on corneas should be symmetric in center

Abn: muscle weakness, paralysis

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22
Q

Cover uncover

A

Alignment deviation aka lazy eye

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23
Q

Cardinal fields of gaze

A

Test muscle weakness

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24
What does blue sclera indicate
Osteogenesis imperfecta
25
Stellwags sign
Infrequent/incomplete blinking
26
Mobius sign
Impairment of ocular convergence
27
Joffroys sign
Immobility of facial muscles when eyeballs are rolled upward
28
Graefes sign
Lag of upper lid as it follows rotation of eyeball downward
29
Rosenbachs sign
Fine tremor of upperlids when eyes are gently closed
30
What does bilirubin have to be to produce an icteric sclera in bright daylight
1.5-1.7
31
What does the bilirubin have to be to produce an icteric sclera in artificial daylight?
>4.0
32
Normal bilirubin
0.3-1.2
33
Pinguecula
Small rounded yellowish collection on conjunctiva due to actinic exposure
34
Pterygium
Small rounded yellowish collection on conjunctiva to cornea Compromises vision Surfers eye
35
Hordeolum
Sty | Staph infection of hair follicle at lid margin
36
Chalazion
Beady nodule protruding eye lid due to infection of meibomian gland Doesn't hurt Long recovery
37
Leukocoria
Retina detachment White pupil Loss of red reflex
38
Retinoblastoma
Most common intraocular malignancy of childhood 60% leukocria
39
Arcus senilis
Stromal lipid deposition near limbus starts as an arc Atherosclerosis Normal 40yrs
40
What is the common cause of unequal pupils
Anisocoria LACK EQUAL PUPILS Horner's, 3rd nerve palsy
41
The black numbers on the ophthalmoscope are for?
Positive | Anterior ocular structure
42
What are the red numbers on the opthalmascope for
Negative | Posterior structures
43
Use the green light for
``` Retinal hemorrhages (black) Small vessels change ```
44
The disc is always on what side
Nasal side
45
How do you locate the ocular fungus?
Dark room Pt stares at fixed object which dilates eyes Red reflex 8-10in away at zero Using black close find optic disc on nasal side Change to red and follow vessels centrally
46
What is the normal cup to disc ratio
Horizontal diameter not greater than 1/2 disc diameter
47
Describe the optic disc
Creamy yellow or orange Round or oval Distinct sharp margins
48
What does the arteries look like im the eye
Bright red with white reflex stripe
49
What does veins look like in the eye
1/4 larger than artery No white reflex Dark
50
Fovea centralis
Sharpest vision location
51
What does the macula look like
1 DD in size 2DD temporal to the disc Darker than fundus FIND LAST DUE TO DISCOMFORT
52
Papilledema
Bulging disc EYE EMERGENCY Increased ICP acute HTN
53
AV Nicking
HTN long term
54
Flame hemorrhage
Little flames | HTN
55
Retinal hemorrhage
Red dots | Sign of bleeding related to DM
56
Microaneurysms
Red dots/bleeding | HTN DM
57
Neovascularization
Small collateral tortuous vessels | DM long term
58
Cotton wool patches
White fluffy spots | HTN DM
59
Hard exudates
Hard white spots | HTN DM
60
Drusen bodies
Random white bodies | Age related macular degeneration
61
Acute angle closure glacoma
``` Build up of pressure 4x normal Painful nausea Change in visual acuity Red teary eye and cloudy cornea EMERGENCY ```
62
Cochlea
Sensory organ for hearing
63
Vestibule and semicircular canals
Sensory organs for equilibrium
64
Which CN is related to bone conduction
CN 8
65
Pathway of hearing
Ear transmits sound Converts to vibration Brain analyzes
66
Conductive loss is an issue with
Blockage
67
Sensorineural loss is an issue with
Innervation
68
Labyrinth
Tell brains place in space
69
Microtia
Less than 4 cm external ear
70
Macrotia
More than 10cm external ear
71
Weber test
Should be heard equally in both ears | When abnormal conductive loss lateralizes to bad ear while sensorial loss lateralizes to good ear
72
Renne test
Air to bone conduction | Air is 2x long as bone
73
Tympanic membrane
Shiny pearly gray | Cones visible
74
Where does the cone reflex in right ear
5 o clock
75
Where does the cone reflex in the left ear
7 o clock
76
Serous Otitis media
Yellow Amber ear drum
77
Acute Otis media
Red eardrum
78
Fungal ear infection
Black white dots in canal and on drum
79
Oral cancer risk factors
ETOH SMOKING HPV
80
Cheilitis
Cracking in corners of lips
81
Circumoral pallor
Shock or anemia
82
Cherry red lips
CO | ASA poisoning
83
Black hairy tongue
Changes in normal bacteria or yeast from antibiotics Pepto bismol Tobacco Mouthwashes
84
Hairy leukoplakia
Multiple white warty painless plaques on lateral side of tongue HIV/ immunosuppression
85
Traumatic ulcer
Complex mouth ulcers from immunosuppression, vit b12 , folic acid, GI disease Stress Citrus or acidic foods fruits
86
Tonsils are normal at what size
+1
87
Tonsilar infection
+2- +4
88
Tonsil with white membrane
Mono Leukemia Diptheria
89
Koplick spots
Measles

Assessment (3 decks)

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