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Skin Flashcards

(66 cards)

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0
Q

Fissure

A

Linear cracks that extend into the dermis

Ex: Chelosis, athletes foot, eczema

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1
Q

Crust

A

Thickened dry out exudate left when pustule bursts or dries up

Ex: impetigo, weeping eczema, scab after abrasion

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2
Q

Excoriation

A

Self inflicted abrasion, superficial from intense itching

Ex: insect bites, scabies, varicella

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3
Q

Fitzpatrick sign

A

Dimpling or retraction of the lesion beneath the skin with lateral compression seen with dermatofibromas

Asymptomatic and immunocompromised

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4
Q

Macule

A

Flat circumscribed nonpalpable, small up to 1 cm

Freckles, measles, Nevis

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5
Q

Patch

A

Macules > 1cm

Mongolian spots, vitiligo, cafe aulait

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6
Q

Papule

A

Solid, elevated, circumscribed <1cm, above the skin and resistance when touched

Mole, wart

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7
Q

Vitilgo

A

Absence of melanocytes

Increased risk for thyroid DM pernicious anemia

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8
Q

Miliaria Rubra

A

Scattered vesicles on an erythematous base, sweat gland obstruction

Disappears in weeks

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9
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Looks like flea bites and of unknown etiology

Disappears 1 week after birth

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10
Q

Pustular Melanesia

A

Small vestculopustules over a brown macular base

AA infants, last several months

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11
Q

Milia

A

Pinhead smooth white raised areas without surrounding erythema due to retention of sebum in sebaceous glands

Forehead nose chin

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12
Q

Scleroderma

A 
Sclero= hard 
Derma= skin

Can damage internal organs or tissues

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13
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising

0-5 days: red blue purple tender
5-10 days: greenish yellow
>10 days: brown
2-4wks: healed

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14
Q

Salmon patch

A

Stork bite on neck
flat irregular light pink patches
Nervus simplex
Gone by 1 year old

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15
Q

Port wine stain

A

Dark purple lesions on face or extremities that doesn’t fade

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16
Q

Plaque

A

Papules >1cm plateau like, disc shaped

Confined to superficial dermis

Ex: linea corporis, psoriasis

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17
Q

Linea corporis

A

Ringworm

Lives on and eats keratin in skin/dermatophyte

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18
Q

Psoriasis

A

Hereditary disorder of silvery white scales with sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques of varying size

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19
Q

Dermatophyte

A

Label for 3 types of fungus that cause infections of the trunk legs arms

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20
Q

Fifth’s disease

A

Slapped cheek rash on the face and a red lacy rash on the trunk and limbs

Human parvovirus B19

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21
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, >1cm that extends deeper into the dermis than a papule

Ex: xanthoma, fibroma, carcinoma

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22
Q

Tumor

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, >2 cm

Ex:lipoma, hemangioma

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23
Q

Wheal

A

Superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, irregular

ex: insect bite, allergic rxn

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24
Auspitz sign
Removal of scale in psoriasis shows a dot of blood
25
Urticaia
Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction very pruritic
26
Vesicle
Elevated cavity with free fluid up to 1cm Clear serum if opened Herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster
27
Bulla
Elevated cavity with free fluid >1cm with thin wall Burst easily with clear fluid Blister, burn, contact dermatitis
28
Pustule
Circumscribed, elevated, and filled with pus in the cavity Acne, impetigo, folliculitis
29
Erosions
Scooped out but shallow depression, superficial epidermis loss, moist no bleeding Heals without scar
30
Ulcer
Deep depression that extends into dermis and beyond, irregular shapes, may bleed/scar
31
Lichenification
Prolonged intense itching | Thickens skin producing increased visibility of skin furrows
32
Keloid
Hypertrophic scar, elevated, invasive
33
Scale
Compact desiccated flakes of skin dry or greasy from shedding of dead excess keratin cells
34
Atrophic dermatitis
Eczema Uncontrolled scratching Erythematous papules and plaques, weeping pustules
35
Seborrhea dermatitis
Erythematous papules and plaques with greasy YELLOW scales and crusts
36
Cherry angioma
Bright red to ruby 1-3mm, no pulse, blanchable, round flat or raised on trunk Insignificant
37
Spider angioma
Fiery red small <2cm, central body with radiating legs, may pulse in spider body, may blanch Hepatic disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency
38
Petechiae
Deep red or reddish purple 1-2mm round flat NO PULSATION Formed by blood escaping from the vessels Bleeding issue
39
Venous star/Spider vein
Bluish in color, size is variable, shape variation, NO pulsation or blanching Lower extremities Increased pressure in superficial veins
40
Erysipelas
Cellulitis caused by beta hemolytic strep or staph aureus Spreading infection of dermal and subq tissue
41
Nikolsky sign
Top layers separate from bottom layer when slightly rubbed Autoimmune condition: pemphigus vulgaris Bacterial infection: scalded skin syndrome Toxic epidermal necrolysis
42
CA-MRSA
Furuncles, deep-seated folliculitis. Impetigo, abscess or ecthyma
43
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common skin cancer Slow growing >40 yrs Translucent pearly papule or ulcer w/ roller border & crust pink or red smooth glistening
44
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor from exogenous carcinogens...sunlight, arsenic ingestion, x Rays >55 Erythematous scaly patch w/sharp margins
45
Melanoma
``` History Age 50 R no regular dermatologist Mole change Male gender ``` 4-5 risk makes 4x more likely
46
Malignant melanoma
``` Asymmetry Border: irregular Color: mottled/many shades Diameter: >6mm Elevation: usual, tangential light Enlargement: HX INCREASED SIZE Feeling: pain itch tender ```
47
Superficial spreading melanoma
``` Flat irregular shape/color Different shades of black and brown Preexisting Nevis Caucasians Most common subtype 70% ```
48
Nodular melanoma
Starts as a raised area Dark blackish-blue or bluish-red Most aggressive
49
Lentigo maligna melanoma
``` AKA Hutchinsons freckle Sun damaged skin Large flat tan with brown face neck arms legs 70s/female ```
50
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Lesion flat irregular margin/pigment rapidly raised Palms soles under nails AA
51
What are the stats on melanoma lesions?
98% 5yr survival rate | >4mm = 1mm worst prognosis
52
Deep tissue injury
Purple wound | Skin intact
53
Stage 1 PU
Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin Epidermal redness Swelling Heat or pain
54
Stage 2 PU
``` Partial thickness skin loss Involves epidermis, dermis or both Blister/superficial break in skin Distinct edges Surrounding redness ```
55
Stage 3 PU
Full thickness skin loss Subq damage Possible infection Possible Eschar
56
Stage 4 PU
Full thickness skin loss Extends to muscle or bone Possible infection
57
What is the normal profile of a nail bed?
160 degrees
58
What do yellow nails indicate?
Lung disorders
59
What does white nails indicate?
Arsenic, heart disease, CRF
60
Koilonchyia
FE deficiency | Spooning
61
Beau's lines
Recovering from serious illness 1860s
62
Splinter hemorrhages
Subacute bacterial endocarditis | Trauma
63
Annular
Ring shaped
64
Reticular
Net like
65
Suborrheic keratosis
Most common noncancerous Old ppl Black brown on face chest shoulder or back

Assessment (3 decks)

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