HEENT Exam - Disease Summary Flashcards Preview

BR23 General Diagnosis > HEENT Exam - Disease Summary > Flashcards

Flashcards in HEENT Exam - Disease Summary Deck (41)
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1
Q

Sudden increase in the intra-ocular pressure often seen with narrow angle between the iris and they cornea with obstructs the flow of aqueous humor in the canal of Schlemm (sclera venous sinus).

A

Acute glaucoma

2
Q

What should you do with acute glaucoma?

A

Refer urgently to hospital

3
Q

Presents with a painful red eye and a hard eyeball, vision will be hazy in the beginning.

A

Acute glaucoma

4
Q

One pupil is dilated (larger than unaffected pupil) and reacts poorly to light.

A

Adie’s pupil

5
Q

Adie’s pupil aka?

A

Tonic pupil

6
Q

What should you do with someone with Adie’s pupil (tonic pupil)?

A

Refer to a neurologist

7
Q

Adie’s pupil mainly affects what group?

A

Young women

8
Q

Adie’s pupil is a benign condition (T/F)?

A

True - Adie’s pupil is benign

9
Q

One pupil is small; reacts poorly to light but reacts well to accommodation

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

10
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil may be seen in what two conditions?

A

Tertiary syphilis

Multiple sclerosis

11
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil patients should be referred to ?

A

Neurologist

12
Q

Inflammation of the eyelids

A

blepharitis

13
Q

Blepharitis may be due to what 3 things?

A

Staphylococcal infection
Allergy
seborrhea

14
Q

How does blepharitis present?

A

Swollen itching tender eyelids

15
Q

Blepharitis patients should be referred to?

A

dermatologist

16
Q

Clot formation in the cavernous sinus in the brain following spread of infection from the face.

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

17
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis presents with what?

A

Swollen eyelids (Periorbital edema) and diplopia (due to CN damage)

18
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis can damage what 3 CN’s that pass though the cavernous sinus?

A

III, IV, V

19
Q

Referral for cavernous sinus patients?

A

Refer urgently to hospital for antibiotics

20
Q

A benign granulomatous lesion in the tarsal (Meibomian) gland of the eyelid.

A

Chalazion

21
Q

Presents as a painless swelling on the inside of the eyelid; it may become infected and painful.

A

chalazion

22
Q

Referral for chalazion?

A

Refer to ophthalmologist

23
Q

Gradual increase in intraocular pressure due to excessive production of aqueous humor or to gradual obstruction to the canal of Schlemm

A

Chronic glaucoma

24
Q

Presents with gradual loss of vision, especially in the periphery causing tunnel vision.

A

Chronic glaucoma

25
Q

Associated with increase cupping of the disc due to raised intraocular pressure

A

Chronic glaucoma

26
Q

Chronic glaucoma referral?

A

Refer to an ophthalmologist

27
Q

Infection of the conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

28
Q

Conjunctivitis is MC of viral or bacterial origin?

A

MC viral, but it could be bacterial

29
Q

Conjunctivitis in neonates of bacterial origin is usually:

A

gonococcal

30
Q

Presents with itching, pain, tearing, and a red eye with discharge

A

conjunctivitis

31
Q

Referral for conjunctivitis?

A

Refer to a medical doctor

32
Q

Damage to the retina seen in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

A

Diabetic retinopathy

33
Q

Diabetic retinopathy presents with _____ vision.

A

blurred

34
Q

Characterized by microaneurysms (dots) and flame hemorrhages in the retina.

A

Diabetic neuropathy

35
Q

Diabetic neuropathy referral?

A

Refer to ophthalmologist

36
Q

External sagging of the lower lid

A

ectropion

37
Q

Ectropion is usually seen in what population?

A

Old age

38
Q

Ectropion referral?

A

Plastic surgeon

39
Q

Turning in of the lower eyelid, painful eye with turned-in lower eyelid

A

entropion

40
Q

Entropion may be congenital or acquired due to:

A

Scarring due to trachomatis

41
Q

Entropion referral?

A

ophthalmologist