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Tropical Medicine > Helminths > Flashcards

Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Helminths and Protozoa

A

Helminths: DO NOT multiply in the host; DO cause eosinophilia
Protozoa: MULTIPLY in the host! ONLY Cystoisosopora causes eosinophilia

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2
Q

Which filaria most commonly causes hydrocele

A

Wucheria Bancrofti

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3
Q

Big differences between brugia malayi and wucheria

A

Brugia: Cold filarial abscess and elephantiasis is usually the LOWER legs

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4
Q

Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

A

Wucheria Bancrofti: Mostly males, paroxysmal nocturnal asthma, massive peripheral eoiphilia

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5
Q

DEC

A

Diethylcarbamazine : has aggressive macrofilaricidal (adult) regimen; single dose is microfilaricidal (microfil in the blood)

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6
Q

Ivermectin

A

Only Microfilaricidal, NOT macrofilaricidal

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7
Q

Albendazole

A

Single dose is micro and macrofilaricidal

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8
Q

infective stages of filaria:

A

L3, Hosts are generally flies or mosquitos; the MICROfilariae are released in humans (usually blood)

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9
Q

Vector of onchocerca volvulus

A

similium flies

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10
Q

punctate keratitis and snowflake opacities

A

Onocherca volvulus

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11
Q

What is Sowda

A

Hyper reactive onchodermatitis: Localized hyperimmune reaction to microfilariae

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12
Q

Treatment of onchocerva volvulus monoinfection

A

Ivermectin, Doxycycline, Ivermectin ; then ivermectin repeated q3-6 months

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13
Q

Anytime >2500 microfilaria/mL loa loa

A

ALWAYS consider apharesis first.

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14
Q

Dual Loa and Oncho infection

A

treat oncho FIRST with ivermectin, wait 6-12 months, then LOA with DEC., BUt if >2500 Loa, caution because ivermectin can facilitate loa entry into the CNS with severe encephalopathy and even death

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15
Q

dual LF and Loa OR Oncho infection

A

First treat oncho with ivermectin, wait ONE month then DEC for lymphatic filariasis// If loa + LF, need to know how much Loa Loa there is. If <2500, DEC x 3 doses; if >2500, apharesis first OR ivermectin first then DEC.

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16
Q

What can cause tubo-ovarian localization

A

enterobius vermicularis

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17
Q

rectal prolapse and appendicitis

A

trichuris trichuria

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18
Q

largest, obstructive helminth

A

ascaris lumbricoides

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19
Q

anemia in helminths

A

hook worm, the adult worms ingest the blood

20
Q

Treatment of ascaris

A

albendazole

21
Q

Hookworm treatmetn

A

albendazole, 3 days

22
Q

trichuris tx

A

mebendazole

23
Q

helminths that PENETRATE the skin

A

ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, strongyloides stercoralis (ONLY ONE that causes larva currens)

24
Q

periorbital edema after eating bear, boar, horse meat

A

trichinella spiralis

25
Q

perianal pruritis in children worldwide

A

Enterobius vermicularis

26
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

enterobius vermicularis

27
Q

D shape

A

Enerobius vermicularis

28
Q

Which helminths cause eosinophilia

A

trichuris trichiura, strongyloides stercoralis , ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus , ascaris lumbricoides

29
Q

rectal prolapse, appendicitis

A

trichuris

30
Q

what causes visceral larva migrans

A

toxocara canis or cati

31
Q

clinical manifestations of toxocariasis; Tx?

A

asymptomatic usually with eosinophilia-abdominal pain, respiratory symptoms, hepatomegaly; can have ocular manifestations uveitis and retinitis// Steroids for ocular disease, DEC and albendazole

32
Q

Visceral larva migrans caused by racoon

A

baylisascaris procyonis

33
Q

clinical manifestations of baylisascaris

A

migration of larvae into tissues mostly CNS resulting in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

34
Q

A gorgas course graduate goes to a sushi bar and then 4 hours later has horrible abdominal pain

A

anisakis larva in the gastric mucosa

35
Q

A business executive has an insidious onset of an intractable bitemporal headache. 6th nerve palsy. CSF shows 235 WBC and 55% eosinophils . Was at a dinner in seafood market in Bangkok

A

Agniostrongyliasis (eosinophilic meningitis): caused by angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)

36
Q

eosinophilic meningitis, SE asia

A

angiostrongylus cantonensis, tx with steroids

37
Q

Subcutaneous migratory swellings, creeping eruption; can hace cerebtal bleeding and conjunctival edema

A

Gnathostoma spinigerum (gnathstomiasis)

38
Q

An open lung resection of a solitary pulmonary nodule from a 35year old non-smoker from NY, a worm is discovered in the necrotic tissue that is removed ; coin lesion

A

Dirofilariasis : dirofilaria immitis

39
Q

42year old hunter who has never left the US complains of migratory transient swellings on his face for several months. feels like a worm is under his skin

A

Dirofilariasis tenuis

40
Q

profuse watery diarrhea with massive malabsorption, abdominal pain, eosinophilia, from philipines and thailand ; raw fish

A

capillaria philippinesis

41
Q

ingestion of water containging infected copepods with a painful lister on your leg. if you go into freshwater, it releases

A

dracunculus medinensis -guine worm

42
Q

5 causes of destructive facial lesions

A

Balamuthia
Mucormycosis
Rhinosclera
TB
Burkitts lymhoma
Leish
Paracocci

43
Q

Swimming, chronic nasal lesion, brain leions

A

Balamuthia Mandrillaris
Treatment: Amph B/Miltefosine/albendazole/flucanazole

44
Q

7 warning signs of dengue

A

abdominal pain
persistent vomiting
thrombocytopenia with high hct
hepatomegaly >2cm
mucosal bleeding
edema
lethargy

45
Q

failed leish and TB treatment for 6 months

A

chromoblastomycosis
tx: itraconazole
Pathology: copper bodies

Tropical Medicine (19 decks)

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