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Tropical Medicine > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of exposure of Cryptoisospora?

A

Person to person (daycare, family)-oocysts are infectious when shed ; Drinking water (very resistant to chlorination); Recreational water (swimming pools); Contaminated food; Animals

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2
Q

Cryptosporidiosis in resource poor countries

A

children <24 months, AIDS, Acute diarrhea, wasting, can be prolonged>7 days

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3
Q

Cyrptosporidiosis in HIV
CD4>180
CD4<100
CD4<50

A

> 180: self limited
<100, chronic
<50, Severe, cholera like
<50, biliary tract involvement

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4
Q
A

Cryptospoidiosis

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5
Q

Protozoa that can cause sclerosing cholangitis, papillary stenosis, acalculous cholecystitis, RUQ pain.

A

Cryptosporidiosis , usually in HIV

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6
Q

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis

A

self limited usually; fluids/electrolytes
If immunocompromised, consider nitazoxanide or paromomycin +azithromycin)

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7
Q

27yoF with 4 weeks of watery diarrhea, >5 x day. No blood, no mucus, +fatigue, nausea, anorexia. Travels around nepal for 4 months s/p flagyl but no improvement

A

cyclospora cayetanensis

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8
Q

Where is cyclospora cayetanensis endemic

A

Peru, Haiti, Nepal (also africa, caribbean); can have outbreaks from raspberries as well

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9
Q

Life cycle of cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Food chain contamination–>ingest the sporulated oocyst–>excretion of unsporulated oocysts int he stool–>unsporulated oocyst infects food etc

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10
Q

Host of cyclospora cayetanensis

A

HUMANS (oocysts are not immediate infectious, so no person to person)

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11
Q

Difference between cryptosporidium and cyclospora

A

Person to person transmission with crypto

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12
Q

Auto fluorescence under UV light, protozoa

A

Cyclospora Cayatensis

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13
Q

Treatment of cyclospora

A

TMP/SMX

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14
Q

Round oocyst, 8-10um

A

Cyclospora

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15
Q

which protozoa causes eosinophilia

A

cystoisospora belli

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16
Q

what is the difference between cyrpto and cyclospora/cystoisospora

A

cyclospora/cystoisospora are in the cytoplasm

17
Q

coccidian parasites by size, treatment

A
18
Q

AIDS patient with severe watery diarrhea, volume depletion

A

Microsporidium

19
Q

Treatment of microsporidiosis

A

asymptomatic/self limited in immunocompetent
In AIDS: ART

20
Q

common childhood diarrhea, diarrhea/biliary AIDS patients, transplant pt

A

cryptosporidium

21
Q

Diarrhea AIDS, Keratoconjunctiviis, rare myositis

A

Microsporidia

22
Q

How to diagnose intestinal protozoa

A

PCR, AFB stain, Ag detection

23
Q

What are the evolutive forms of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Amastigote (TISSUES)
Epimastigote (VECTOR)
Trypomastigote (Infective blood form)

24
Q

Vectors of Chagas

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi: Triatoma, Panstrongylus, Rhodnius

25
Q

Toxoplasmosis: What is the definitive host? What ist he intermediate host? How is it acquired?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii, FElines are definitive host, humans and other animals are intermediate hosts, it may be acquired by ingestion of cysts with bradyzoites (raw meat), oocysts with sporozoites (cat feces) or congenital (transplacenta)

26
Q

Symptoms of acute infection of toxo

A

mono like syndrome
80-90% immunocompetent asymptomatic

27
Q

LAD, Mono-like, chorioretinitis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pneumonitis, focal abscess-AIDS

A

toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)

28
Q
A

Toxoplasma gondii
Cotton wool spots

29
Q

When you have cerebral toxo, what are you concerned about?

A

Re-activation in AIDS -cause cerebral lesions

30
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of posterior uveitis in south america

A

posterior uveitis

31
Q

what happens with latent infection

A

bradyzoites in the tissue cysts in immunocompromised individuals causes reactivation

32
Q

What is the diagnosis of Toxoplasma

A

IgM and IgG
PCR

33
Q

If immunocompetent and NOT pregnant and active chorioretinitis

A

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (can add prednisone until CSF protein falls or vision improves)

34
Q

For prevention of recurrent episodes of chorioretinitis in toxo

A

TMP-SMX

35
Q

If acute illness in pregnancy with toxoplasma, how to treat

A

If diagnosed <16-18 weeks of gestational age: Spiramycin
If >16-18 weeks of gestational age , pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and folinic acid

36
Q

If Fetal toxo, congenital

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin

37
Q

Toxoplasma encephalitis treatment

A

consider brain biopsy if 7-10 days of no improvement after treatment
-Pyrimethamine Sulfadiazine + Folonic acid and then TMP/SMX for secondary suppression

Tropical Medicine (19 decks)

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