Helminths (Worms)

Question 1

What causes Enterobiasis?

Answer 1

Enterobius Vermicularis

Question 2

What is the most common Helminthic infection in the U.S.?

Answer 2

Enterobiasis

Question 3

Maximal Prevalence in school-age children?

Answer 3

Enterobiasis

Question 4

Common within families?

Answer 4

Enterobiasis

Question 5

Nocturnal perianal pruritus common?

Answer 5

Enterobiasis

Question 6

What determines symptoms of helminth infections?

Answer 6

Worm burden

Question 7

How is enterobius vermicularis detected?

Answer 7

• Tape test
• Scotch tape test
• Pinworm paddle test

Question 8

When do you get the greatest yield of enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 8

at night or first thing in the morning, prior to bathing

Question 9

When is diagnosis of enterobiasis certain w/o laboratory testing needed?

Answer 9

if clearly moving 8-13 mm long pinworm is seen in the perianal area

Question 10

What is the treatment for Enterobiasis?

Answer 10

• Mebendazole (100 mg) - single dose
• Albendazole (400 mg)- single dose
• Pyrantel pamoate (11 mg/kg, to max 1g)- single dose - MC

Question 11

When is the dose repeated for a enterobiasis infection?

Answer 11

2 weeks due to frequent reinfection

Question 12

Which treatment is frequently used in U.S. due to be cheap and OTC for enterobiasis?

Answer 12

Pyrantel pamoate

Question 13

Schistosomiasis is caused by what?

Answer 13

Parasitic blood fluke (Biharziasis) (Trematode)

Question 14

Where does bilharziasis live?

Answer 14

freshwater snails

Question 15

What comes from swimming in contaminated water?

Answer 15

Schistosomiasis

Question 16

What are two signs of ACUTE infection caused by schistosomiasis?

Answer 16

• Swimmers itch

- Katayama Fever

Question 17

What symptoms are seen in CHRONIC schistosomiasis infection?

Answer 17

• organ system involvement
• intestinal (S. mansoni and S. japonicum)
• genitourinary tract (S. haematobium)

Question 18

What organism invades the bladder?

Answer 18

S. haematobium

Question 19

What is Gold Standard for diagnosing schistosomiasis?

Answer 19

demonstration of eggs in the stool or urine via microscopy

Question 20

What is the treatment for Chronic schistosomiasis?

Answer 20

Praziquantel (Biltricide)

Question 21

What is the treatment for Acute schistosomiasis?

Answer 21

Prednisolone and praziquantel

Question 22

What causes Fascioliasis?

Answer 22

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)

Question 23

What can you get from digesting metacercariae on watercress/ aquatic vegetables?

Answer 23

Fascioliasis

Question 24

What organism loves to settle in the gallbladder?

Answer 24

Fasciola hepatica

Question 25

What is the diagnosis for fascioliasis?

Answer 25

find eggs in stool under microscope

Question 26

What is the treatment for fascioliasis?

Answer 26

Triclabendazole- CDC

Question 27

What is the most important fluke?

Answer 27

Paragonimus westermani

Question 28

Comes from consuming raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater shellfish?

Answer 28

Paragonimiasis

Question 29

What organism loves to hang out in the lungs, causing brown sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain late in infection?

Answer 29

paragonimus westermani

Question 30

What is the diagnosis for paragonimiasis?

Answer 30

Paragonimus eggs in sputum

Question 31

What is the treatment for paragonimiasis?

Answer 31

Praziquantel or Triclabendazole

Question 32

Beef tapeworm?

Answer 32

Taenia saginata

Question 33

Pork tapeworm?

Answer 33

Taenia solium

Question 34

Fish tapeworm?

Answer 34

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 35

Dwarf tapeworm?

Answer 35

Hymenolepis nana

Question 36

What is the largest tapeworm?

Answer 36

Diphyllobothrium latum (12m)

Question 37

What is the smallest tapeworm?

Answer 37

Hymenolepis nana ( 4cm, 1mm)

Question 38

What is the most common human tapeworm infection worldwide?

Answer 38

Hymenolepsis nana

Question 39

Which worm causes megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 39

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 40

Which worm has a affinity for Vitamin B12?

Answer 40

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 41

Worm in children that causes crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and pruritus ani?

Answer 41

Hymenolepsis nana

Question 42

How do you diagnosis Diphyllobothriasis?

Answer 42

megaloblastic anemia/vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 43

How do you diagnosis every cestodes?

Answer 43

identifying eggs or proglottids in the stool

Question 44

What is the treatment for cestodes?

Answer 44

Praziquantel

Question 45

What is a invasive cestode infection called?

Answer 45

Cysticercosis

Question 46

How do you get Cysticercosis?

Answer 46

- swallowing regurgitated proglottids | - fecal/ oral ( not from eating pork)

Question 47

What is cysticercosis in the brain called?

Answer 47

neurocysticercosis

Question 48

How do you diagnosis cysticercosis?

Answer 48

clinical presentation and radiographic imaging

Question 49

What is the treatment for cysticercosis?

Answer 49

complicated and controversial

Question 50

What is the most common helminthic human infection worldwide?

Answer 50

Ascariasis

Question 51

How do you diagnosis ascariasis?

Answer 51

via stool microscopy

Question 52

How do you treat ascariasis?

Answer 52

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 53

What causes Ascariasis?

Answer 53

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 54

What causes trichuriasis?

Answer 54

Trichuris trichiura

Question 55

What causes hookworm disease?

Answer 55

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

Question 56

Rectal prolapse

Answer 56

Trichuriasis

Question 57

Diagnosis Trichuriasis

Answer 57

stool examination for eggs

Question 58

Treatment for Trichuriasis?

Answer 58

mebendazole or albendazole

Question 59

"Ground itch"

Answer 59

hookworm disease

Question 60

Causes blood loss

Answer 60

Hookworm dx

Question 61

Diagnosis hookworm?

Answer 61

eggs in stool

Question 62

Treatment for hookworm?

Answer 62

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 63

What inhabits the lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues

Answer 63

Lymphatic Filariasis

Question 64

Diagnose Lymphatic Filariasis?

Answer 64

- Circulating Filarial antigen (CFA) assay (W. bancrofti ONLY) - Blood Smears (at night) (B. malayi and B. timori)

Question 65

What is the treatment for lymphatic filariasis?

Answer 65

diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Question 66

How is Loa Loa transmitted?

Answer 66

biting deerflies (Chrysops)

Question 67

What are the 2 cardinal manifestations for Loa Loa?

Answer 67

- Transient localized subcutaneous swellings (Calabar swellings) - Subconjunctiva of the eye

Question 68

Diagnosis of Loa Loa?

Answer 68

- visualizing the organism | - Serology

Question 69

Treatment for Loa Loa?

Answer 69

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Question 70

What causes Cutaneous Larva Migrans?

Answer 70

Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum (human infection w/ dog or cat hookworm larvae)

Question 71

Erythematous migrating linear or serpiginous cutaneous track?

Answer 71

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Question 72

Diagnosis for cutaneous larva migrans?

Answer 72

clinical hx and physical findings

Question 73

Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans?

Answer 73

ivermectin or albendazole

Question 74

Where does the adult Schistosomiasis thrive?

Answer 74

Small Intestine