Hema

Question 1

HSCs differentiate into?

Answer 1

Myeloid and lymphoid

Question 2

If HSCs are damaged person would survive for how many weeks?

Answer 2

2-4 weeks

Question 3

Yolk sac produces what?

Answer 3

red cells

Question 4

placenta produces which type of cells ?

Answer 4

stem cells, red cells and platelets

Question 5

Thymus produces ?

Answer 5

cells of adaptive immunity

Question 6

Before birth HSCs are produced by?

Answer 6

Yolk sac, spleen and liver

Question 7

After birth HSCs are produced by?

Answer 7

Bone marrow

Question 8

Spleen and liver produces HSCs in which cases

Answer 8

severe chronic anemia and Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 9

what are 2 cardinal functions of HSCs

Answer 9

Self-renewal and differentiation

Question 10

HSCs undergo differentiation undergoes which changes ?

Answer 10

functional change, loss of plasticity and proliferative capacity

Question 11

How many days are required for the HSCs to become mature cells ?

Answer 11

10-14 days

Question 12

what are the 3 potential fates of HSCs

Answer 12

Apoptosis, self -renewal & differentiation

Question 13

What is the key limiting parameter for both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation?

Answer 13

stem cell no

Question 14

what are the adv of umbilical cord

Answer 14

lower incidence of GVHD, cord blood banks have representation of populations underrepresented in adult donor registries

Question 15

what are the most common anemias?

Answer 15

hypoproliferative anemias

Question 16

What are hypoproliferative anemias?

Answer 16

normocytic,normochromic red cells and low reticulocyte index of <2-2.5

Question 17

Most common type of hypoproliferative anemias?

Answer 17

Iron def anemia

Question 18

2 nd most common type of hypoproliferative anemias?

Answer 18

Anemia of malignancy

Question 19

what are the functions of Iron?

Answer 19

Carries Oxygen, iron-containing enzymes including the cytochrome system in the mito

Question 20

Which type of iron is highly toxic?

Answer 20

Free

Question 21

what happens to the cells if the iron is absent?

Answer 21

lose capacity for electron transport, energy metabolism & heme synthesis

Question 22

Absorbed iron is bound to?

Answer 22

transferrin

Question 23

Iron in excess binds to which storage protein forming ferritin?

Answer 23

Apoferiitin

Question 24

Average red cell life span is ?

Answer 24

120 days

Question 25

Red cells are recognized as senescent by which cells?

Answer 25

reticuloendothelial system

Question 26

Adult red cell mass is ?

Answer 26

2 liters

Question 27

in males how many mg of iron is required to replace the lost iron?

Answer 27

1mg

Question 28

in females how many mg of iron is required to replace the lost iron?

Answer 28

1.4

Question 29

T1/2 of transferrin bound iron is ?

Answer 29

60-90 min

Question 30

what is the normal plasma iron level?

Answer 30

80-100 ug/dl

Question 31

iron is most readily absorbed in which food?

Answer 31

heme iron

Question 32

what kind of food red iron ab ?

Answer 32

phytates and phosphates

Question 33

Hypoproliferative marrow in case of low iron transport to the marrow in case of intravascular hemolysis or blood loss anemia produces which type of anemia?

Answer 33

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 34

Iron absorption takes place largely in ?

Answer 34

duodenum and proximal small intestine

Question 35

this enzyme converts ferrous iron into ferric iron at the luminal brush border cells ?

Answer 35

ferrireductase

Question 36

iron transport accross luminal membrane is by ?

Answer 36

divalent membrane transporter type 1

Question 37

Ferric iron is converted ferrous iron by which enzyme?

Answer 37

ferrireductase

Question 38

In the gut iron may be stored as ferritin or exported to the surface by which protein?

Answer 38

ferroportin

Question 39

Ferroportin is regulated by?

Answer 39

hepcidin

Question 40

iron binds to transferrin in which form?

Answer 40

ferric form

Question 41

ferrous iron is converted to ferric iron by?

Answer 41

hephaestin

Question 42

Erythroid hyperplasia stimulates iron ab even in case of normal or inc iron stores and the level of hepcidin in this case are?

Answer 42

Low

Question 43

which is one of the most prevalent forms of malnutrition?

Answer 43

Iron def anemia