Hematinitics Flashcards
(6 cards)
List the haematinics. (DU-22N, 20Nov,
Haematinic drugs / drugs used to treat anaemia: Haematinics are the drugs required in the formation of blood & are used to treat different forms of anaemia.
Iron preparations.
Vitamin B₁₂-preparations.
Folic acid preparations.
Erythropoietin.
Outline the treatment of moderate iron deficiency anemia. (DU-23N)
Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia:
A) General treatment:
Diet: A realistic balanced diet rich in protein, iron & vitamins.
Effective therapy to cure the disease contributing to the cause of anaemia.
B) Specific treatment:
Oral iron therapy: Ferrous sulfate 200mg-1gm/day in tab or cap form. A maintenance dose 200-400 mg/day should be continued for at least 100 days to replenish iron store.
Parenteral (i/v or i/m) Iron therapy: In case of severe iron deficiency anaemia.
Intra-venous route / total dose Infusion (TDI): Given the total iron deficit after calculation as a single bolus dose with infusion as i/v drip in the form of iron dextran.
Intra-muscular: Iron dextran or iron-sorbitol complex.
Blood transfusion: In some selected cases.
Enlist 3(three) oral iron preparations. Write how effective iron therapy can be assessed. (DU-16Ja)
Oral iron preparations:
Ferrous sulfate.
Ferrous fumerate.
Ferrous gluconate.
Parenteral iron preparations:
Iron dextran.
Iron-sucrose complex.
Sodium ferric gluconate complex.
Ferric carboxymaltose.
Ferumoxytol.
Assessment of effective iron therapy:
Clinical assessment: Clinically effective iron therapy is assessed by improvement of the patient’s complaints; such as improvement of the weakness, tiredness, appetite, lethargic condition etc.
Biochemical assessment:
Haemoglobin percentage (Hb%) will be increased.
Serum ferritin level, iron binding capacity can be assessed (costly & usually not done).
Mention the duration and adverse effects of oral iron therapy. (DU-22N)
Treatment with oral iron should be continued 3-6 months after anaemia correction to replenish the iron store.
Adverse effects of oral iron therapy:
Nausea & vomiting (sometimes causes intense nausea & vomiting).
Epigastric discomfort
Abdominal cramps
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Black stool: This has no clinical significance, but it may obscure the diagnosis of continued GIT blood loss.
Write short note on: Oral iron preparation. (DU-17Nov,16Ju)
Oral iron preparations:
Ferrous sulfate.
Ferrous fumerate.
Ferrous gluconate.
Indications of oral iron therapy
1.Iron deficiency anaemia, if the patient has not angina, heart failure or evidence of cerebral hypoxia.
2.To support the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents.
Adverse effects of oral iron therapy:
Nausea & vomiting (sometimes causes intense nausea & vomiting).
Epigastric discomfort
Abdominal cramps
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Black stool: This has no clinical significance, but it may obscure the diagnosis of continued GIT blood loss.
Write short note on: Iron deficiency anemia (DU-18Nov)
Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia:
A) General treatment:
Diet: A realistic balanced diet rich in protein, iron & vitamins.
Effective therapy to cure the disease contributing to the cause of anaemia.
B) Specific treatment:
Oral iron therapy: Ferrous sulfate 200mg-1gm/day in tab or cap form. A maintenance dose 200-400 mg/day should be continued for at least 100 days to replenish iron store.
Parenteral (i/v or i/m) Iron therapy: In case of severe iron deficiency anaemia.
Intra-venous route / total dose Infusion (TDI): Given the total iron deficit after calculation as a single bolus dose with infusion as i/v drip in the form of iron dextran.
Intra-muscular: Iron dextran or iron-sorbitol complex.
Blood transfusion: In some selected cases.
Causes of IDA
A) Inadequate intake:
Nutritional deficiency
Repeated pregnancy
Milk injury & improper feeding of the baby
Gastrectomy.
Coeliac disease.
Tropical sprue.
B) Increased demand of iron:
In childhood: During the period of growth, mostly between 6-24 months.
Menstruation.
Pregnancy.
Lactation.
C) Excessive loss of iron:
Hookworm infestation.
Haemorrhage
Peptic ulcer disease.
Ruptured oesophageal varices.
Ca stomach.
Ca colon.
D) Defective utilization:
Malabsorption syndrome
Partial or total gastrectomy
Gastrojejunostomy
