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NCM 112- MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING > Hematologic Disorders > Flashcards

Hematologic Disorders Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Study of blood and blood forming tissues

Includes the bone marrow, blood, spleen, and lymph

Involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide,
maintenance of intravascular volume and blood coagulation, and
fighting infections

A

HEMATOLOGY

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2
Q

Soft material that fills the core of the bones in which hematopoiesis
occurs

A

BONE MARROW

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3
Q

2 types of BONE MARROW

A

Yellow (adipose)

Red (hematopoietic) - actively makes blood cells

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4
Q

a connective tissue that functions as transporter, regulator, and
protector

A

BLOOD

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5
Q

2 major components of blood

A

Plasma and Blood cells

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6
Q

composed of mostly water and contains various
proteins, electrolytes, gasses, and wastes

A

Plasma

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7
Q

develop from a common stem cell found in the bone
marrow and differentiates into 3 types

A

Blood cells

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8
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

RBC (erythrocytes)
WBC (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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9
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

A

Transport
Regulate
Protect

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10
Q

what does the blood transport?

A

O2 from lungs to cells

Nutrients from GI to cells

Hormones from endocrine glands to tissues and cells

Metabolic waste products from cells to lungs, liver, and
kidneys for disposal

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11
Q

what does the blood regulate?

A

F&E balance
Acid-base balance
Body temperature
Maintaining intravascular oncotic pressure (IOP)

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12
Q

what does the blood protect?

A

Maintain homeostasis of blood coagulation

Combating invasion of pathogens and other foreign
substances

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13
Q

plasma contains how many percent of the blood

A

55%

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14
Q

fortified elements contains how many percent of the blood

A

45%

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15
Q

% of water in blood

A

91%

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16
Q

diagnostic measure to calculate the percentage of blood cells in comparison with the liquid component

A

Hematocrit

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17
Q

Transport of gases and maintenance of acid-base
balance

Contains hemoglobin (Hgb) which is a complex protein-iron compound which binds to O2 and CO2

A

ERYTHROCYTES

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18
Q

most important blood component of erythrocytes

A

Hgb

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19
Q

hemoglobin with attached O2 (bind to the iron) from the lung which gives the characterized bright red appearance of arterials blood

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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20
Q

A normal adult makes about _____ million RBC per second

A

2.5

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21
Q

Lifespan of RBCs

A

120 days

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22
Q

Essential nutrients needed in the formation of erythrocytes

A

protein, iron, folate, cobalamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, niacin, ascorbic acid, copper, and vit E

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23
Q

Immature RBC w/c mature 48h after its release in the
bloodstream

A

Reticulocyte

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24
Q

increased hematocrit results in

A

dehydration

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25
Destruction of RBCs are routinely done by monocytes and macrophages to remove abnormal, defective, and damaged old RBCs from circulation It increases bilirubin (waste product of hemolysis of RBC) in the body which the liver excretes via the bile
Hemolysis
26
Plasma is mainly composed of
Water
27
promotes production of mature red blood cells in the bone marrow. more red blood cells in the circulation leads to increased oxygenation and lower levels of hypoxia
ERYTHROPOIESIS
28
promotes production of mature red blood cells in the bone marrow. more red blood cells in the circulation leads to increased oxygenation and lower levels of hypoxia
ERYTHROPOIESIS
29
mother of all stem cells
pluripotent stem cell
30
AKA immature RBCs which matures 48 hrs after release in the bloodstream
reticulocyte
31
reticulocyte will mature into
erythrocyte
32
biggest blood component
megakaryocyte
33
megakaryocytes divide into what
platelets
34
Red blood cells contain?
hemoglobin
35
2 parts of hemoglobin
Heme- iron part globin- protein part
36
oxygen binds to what part of the hemoglobin?
heme part
37
CO2 binds to what part of the hemoglobin?
globin part
38
hormone that will stimulate the bone marrow to start erythropoeisis
erythropoietin
39
if kidney does not produce erythropoietin, what disease may happen?
Anemia, CKD
40
Hba1c is also termed as
glycosylated hemoglobin
41
destruction of RBCs are routinely done by monocytes and macrophages to remove abnormal, defective and damaged old RBCs from circulation
hemolysis
42
for the destruction of RBCs, this is included
bilirubin
43
increased hemolysis causes what disease (high levels of bilirubin) na di agad matatanggal nung liver
jaundice
44
Iron is ingested, how?
diet and supplements
45
iron comes mainly from
organ meats
46
iron is best absorbed in an ______ stomach
empty
47
protein that transfers ferritin (iron stores)
transferrin (serum)
48
transferrin is found in the?
blood
49
transferrin transfer in two ways, what are these 2 ways?
hemoglobin making, storage
50
after recycling by the macrophages and monocytes, iron will return in these forms
ferritin and hemosiderin
51
appears white when separated in blood resides most commonly in the thymus or lymphoid tissues (spleen, thymus, peyer patches)
leukocytes
52
2 kinds of leukocytes
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
53
have granules (heparin, histamine)in its cytoplasm
granulocytes
54
3 examples of granulocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils NEB
55
have no granules in its cytoplasm
Agranulocytes (May letter A sa cell wall) A= absence
56
3 examples of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes Monocytes Natural Killer Cells (BNT Cells)
57
Main function of granulocytes
Phagocytosis
58
Neutrophils are _____ when mature; ______ when immature
segmented when mature; band when immature
59
Neutrophils are used during what phase
during acute inflammatory process
60
neutrophils dies in how many days
dies in 1-2 days
61
increased neutrophils means
acute inflammation
62
important in antibody-antigen complexes during allergic response
eosinophils
63
"containment" contains heparin and histamine that is released during allergy and inflammation
basophils
64
Released during inflammation and act like basophils
Mast Cells
65
(B-Cells and T-Cells) For cellular and humoral immune response
Lymphocytes
66
Potent phagocytic cells that ingest dead cells, bacteria, debris, and other defective RBCs
Monocytes
67
During inflammation, interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulates TPO (thrombopoietin) which in turn stimulates thrombopoiesis or production of platelet in the bone marrow what part of the blood
THROMBOCYTES
68
Platelets have a lifespan of _______days
8-11 days
69
arrest of bleeding is called
Hemostasis
70
5 phases of normal clotting mechanism Clue: VPCCC
Vascular Phase (1) Platelet Phase (2) Coagulation Phase (3) Clot Retraction (4) Clot Destruction (5)
71
goal is platelet aggregation and platelet plug includes the Vascular & Platelet Phase
Primary Hemostasis
72
includes step 3 (Coagulation Phase) involves 2 pathways – extrinsic and intrinsic
Secondary Hemostasis
73
Clot Retraction & Destruction
Ending the process of hemostasis
74
consists of lymph fluid, lymphatic capillaries, ducts, and lymph nodes Carries fluid from the interstitial spaces to the blood
LYMPH SYSTEM
75
pale yellow interstitial fluid that has diffused through lymphatic capillary walls
Lymph fluid
76
small clumps of lymphatic tissue which filters pathogens and foreign particles
Lymph nodes
77
Largest lymphoid organ on the upper left quadrant makes RBCs for babies
SPLEEN
78
spleen can also influence the ability of your body to make RBCs access of filter to to remove damaged RBCs and filter out bacteri
79
Hematopoietic- spleen can also influence the ability of your body to make RBCs Filtration- access of filter to to remove damaged RBCs and filter out bacteria Immunologic- lymphocytes and monocytes in case of invasive pathogen Storage- store RBC and platelets
Functions of lymphatic system
80
Metabolic, secretory, vascular and storage functions Makes all the procoagulants that are essential to hemostasis is the one making the clotting factors Secretes bilirubin and bile Stores iron that exceeds tissue needs
LIVER
81
Composed of special tissue macrophages Monocytes stay in the circulation (24h) then enter the tissues where they continue to differentiate into macrophages which survives for months They defend using phagocytosis from pathogens, remove damaged cells, stimulate the inflammatory process
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM

NCM 112- MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING (3 decks)

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