Hematologic Path I and II

Question 1

At birth, how much of the bone marrow is in the production of blood cells?
What happens at puberty?

Answer 1

100%

Blood cell production at specific sites

Question 2

Anemia

Answer 2

1. decrease in total Hemoglobin/RBC mass
   per unit of blood decrease (size, number, or both)
2. decreased concentration of hemoglobin in the blood
3. measured as a decreased volume of packed RBCs within the plasma (hematocrit)

Question 3

Anemia is characterized by low oxygen carrying capacity of the blood due to:

Answer 3

1) blood loss
2) impaired RBC production
3)  RBC destruction
4) a combination of these alterations

Question 4

Anemia examples

Answer 4

• Blood loss
• G6PD
• Iron-deficiency anemia
• Hereditary spherocytosis • Pernicious anemia
• Thalassemia
• Sickle-cell anemia

Question 5

With significant anemia of any cause, the patient may exhibit the following sxs:

Answer 5

• pallor
• increased pulse rate and weak
pulse
• shortness of breath (SOB)
• palpitations
• dizziness
• fatigue
• headaches
• faintness or syncope

chest pain
angina
fainting
MI

Question 6

Anemia breaks down into ____________or _________________.

Answer 6

Loss (excessive blood turnover)
Decreased Production (Failure of Blood production)

Question 7

Excessive blood turnover is due to?

Answer 7

o Hemorrhage - blood loss outside of the vascular system

o Hemolysis - RBC destruction within the body

Question 8

A_________drop in hemoglobin is tolerated less well and is therefore more symptomatic than_________________

Answer 8

RAPID

a similar decline in hemoglobin or RBC number over a longer period of time

Question 9

Chronic blood loss causes anemia only if:

Answer 9

1. Rate of loss exceeds the capacity of the marrow to restore adequate numbers of RBCs
2. Iron stores are depleted such that inadequate hemoglobin is available.

Question 10

The cause of chronic hemorrhage usually involves a problem in the following organ systems:

Answer 10

Gastrointestinal tract
• ulcer, colitis, cancer
Gynecologic
• excessive menstrual flow, cancer 
Genitourinary
• cancer or stone

Question 11

After an acute bleed, the reticulocyte count___________

Answer 11

may climb to 10 - 15% within a week of the acute event.

Question 12

Acute blood loss
internal-allows for
external depends on

Answer 12

Fe recycling

Fe stores