Hematologic System Flashcards
(32 cards)
Percent composition of blood
Plasma - 55%
Platelets/WBCs - <1%
RBC’s - 45% - defined as Hematocrite
Polycythemia and Anemia
Poly - high [RBC]
Anemia - very low [RBC]
Cooperativity of Hemoglobin
The attachment of an O2 molecules facilitate the attachment of further O2 molecules
Composition of RBCs
Many units of Hemoglobin (Hb)
How many molecules of O2 can each Hb unit store?
ONE
Two major methods of O2 transport
Which is more prominent
- HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)
- O2 dissolved in plasma
1»>2
Mechanisms for O2 Delivery
- CO2+HbO2 (HbCOO-)+(H+)+H2O
- H+ is then used again : (H+) + HbO2 H+Hb + O2 - CO2 + H20 –Carbon anhydrase–> H2CO3 HCO3- + H+
- H+ is again used to deoxygenate Hb
Reasons for O2 delivery into cells
- Low pO2
- H+ compete with H2O for Hb bonding
- CO2 competes with O2 for Hb
Partial pressure O2/CO2 for between lungs and muscles
Lungs: high pO2, low pCO2 - Oxygen bonding and CO2 release
Muscle groups: low pO2, high pCO2
Reasons for CO2 delivery into lungs
Low CO2 content
O2 competition
Mechanisms for CO2 delivery
- O2 + H+Hb H+ + HBO2
2. O2 + H+ + HbCOO- CO2 + HbO2
Main Reactions sum
- H+ + HbO2 O2 + H+Hb - Oxygen and proton competition
- CO2 + HbO2 O2 + H+ + HbCOO- - oxygen vs CO2 competition
- CO2 + H2O –carbon anhydrase-> H2CO3 HCO3- + H+
Bohr vs Haldane effects
Which shows cooperativity and how does that effect the slope on a concentration graph
Bohr: CO2 and H+ affect Hb’s affinity for O2
Haldane: O2 affects affinity of Hb for CO2 and H+
Bohr shows cooperativity - Logarithmic curve
Cause of blood types
A/B Glycolipids
- antibodies will attack blood cells with glycoplipids that are foreign
4 types of blood types
A, B, AB, O
What blood type is the universal donor
O
What blood type is the universal recipient
AB
Broad steps in Blood clotting
- platelet’s plug and seal
2. Fribrin strands form naturally to develop a mesh
Plug and seal process in blood clotting
- Collagen interacts with platelets and cause them to clump and plug
Fibrin strand process in blood clotting
Fibrinogen –> fibrin by tissue factor and the coagulation cascade
Coagulation cascade - Intrinsic pathway
12 - 11 - 9 and 8 - 10 and 5 - thrombin (2) - fibrin (1)
12 acts as a catalyst and converts 11 to 11a (active form)
Coagulation cascade - Extrinsic pathway
tissue factor (3) - 4 - 5 T.f acts as the spark in the cascade activates 7 - 10 - 2 - 1 Throbmin then starts the intrinsic pathway ?? - activates 5,7,8,11,13
Negative feedback loop in blood clotting
Thrombin yields plasmin and antithrombin
-antithrombin impedes 10 and thrombin
Loss of function of the coagulation cascade results
- 3 types
hemophilia
Type A - associated with protein *
B - associated with 9
C - associated with 11
