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pathophys > Hematological Malignancies > Flashcards

Hematological Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. Favorable responsiveness to chemotherapy
    b. Decreasing prevalence among elderly people
    c. Granulocytes with hyperlobulated nuclei
    d. A wide array of red cell shape deformities
A

c/d

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2
Q 
2. Symptoms/alterations in polycythemia vera (PV)?
Select one or more:
a. Decreased erythropoetin level
b. Decreased hematocrit
c. Long standing febrile state
d. Itching
A

a/d

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3
Q

3.A factor in the molecular pathomechanism of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
Select one:
a. Decreased protein degradation
b. Abnormally increased intracellular signaling
c. Increased relocation of membrane lipids
d. Increased intracellular phosphatase activity
e. Decreased mitochondrial energy production

A

b

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4
Q
  1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. All cell forms of the lymphoid lineage are present in the periphery
    b. Simultaneous involvement of multiple cell lines
    c. Favorable responsiveness to chemotherapy
    d. It is less frequent in adults compared to children
A

c/d

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5
Q
  1. As a result of high sensitivity detection of minimal residual disease:
    Select one:
    a. The cost of diagnostic testing can be decreased
    b. Novel inherited mutations can be identified
    c. Novel tumor specific molecular alterations can be identified
    d. Treatment of relapse can be initiated earlier
    e. Disease classification can be improved
A

c

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6
Q 
6. The most frequent hematological tumor:
Select one:
a. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
b. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
c. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
d. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
e. Follicular lymphoma
A

c

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7
Q 
7. Pathogenic factors of renal failure in myeloma multiplex (MM), except:
Select one or more:
a. Decreased perfusion
b. Light chain deposition
c. Nephrocalcinosis
d. Amyloidosis
A

a

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8
Q 
8. Which of the following is an immature cell in platelet differentiation?
Select one:
a. Common myeloid progenitor cell
b. None of the above
c. Mesodermal stem cell
d. Mesenchymal stem cell
e. Common lymphoid progenitor cell
A

a

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9
Q 
9. Pathogenic factors of renal failure in myeloma multiplex (MM):
Select one or more:
a. Decreased perfusion
b. Amyloidosis
c. Light chain deposition
d. Nephrocalcinosis
A

b/c/d

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10
Q
  1. As a result of uncovering the driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN):
    Select one:
    a. There is a predominance of the chemotherapeutic treatments
    b. Bone marrow examination can be omitted in the majority of the cases
    c. There is a cost decrease of diagnostics
    d. There is a favorable change in prognosis
    e. None of the above
A

a

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11
Q
  1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. Blast ratio in the bone marrow exceeds 20%
    b. Anemia is a characteristic symptom at presentation
    c. It is associated with elevated platelet count
    d. All cell forms of the myeloid lineage are present in the periphery
A

a/b

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12
Q
  1. It is true for acute myeloid leukemia (AML):
    Select one or more:
    a. All cell forms of the myeloid lineage are present in the periphery
    b. It is more common in adults than ALL
    c. A pathological bone fracture is the most frequent symptom at presentation
    d. Blast ratio in the bone marrow does not exceed 20%
A

b

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13
Q 
13. Which is a characteristic, frequent, acquired genetic alteration in chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML)?
Select one:
a. Calreticulin gene mutations
b. 9:22 chromosome translocation
c. Abl kinase gene mutations
d. Gene rearrangement of the cyclin D gene
e. K-ras gene mutations
A

b

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14
Q
  1. Which is an environmental factor playing a role in leukemogenesis?
    Select one:
    a. Down syndrome
    b. Deep vein thrombosis
    c. Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection
    d. Chronic alcohol consumption
    e. Vitamin K deficiency
A

c

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15
Q
  1. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. Hypocellularity in the bone marrow
    b. Simultaneous involvement of multiple cell lines
    c. Frequent progression to acute leukemia
    d. Gradually progressive anemia
    e. Favorable responsiveness to chemotherapy
A

b/c/d

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16
Q
  1. Pathogenetic factors of anemia in myeloma multiplex (MM),
    Select one or more:
    a. Latent iron deficiency
    b. Bone marrow infiltration by plasma cell expansion
    c. Decreased erythropoetin production due to renal failure
    d. Hemodilution
A

b/c

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17
Q 
17. Which cell lines are affected in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)?
Select one or more:
a. Dendritic cell
b. Thymocyte
c. Megakaryocyte
d. Natural killer cell
A

c

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18
Q 
18. Symptoms/alterations in essential thrombocytosis (ET)?
Select one or more:
a. Itching
b. Decreased hematocrit
c. Decreased erythropoetin level
d. Splenomegaly
A

d

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19
Q 
19. Which disease is characterized by the total absence of differentiation?
Select one:
a. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
b. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
c. Essential thrombocytosis (ET).
d. All of the above.
e. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
A

e

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20
Q 
20. Which is a characteristic, frequent, acquired genetic alteration in essential thrombocytosis
(ET)?
Select one:
a. 9:22 chromosome translocation
b. Gene rearrangement of the cyclin D gene
c. Abl kinase gene mutations
d. K-ras gene mutations
e. Calreticulin gene mutations
A

e

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21
Q
  1. Which is a characteristic feature of a myeloproliferative neoplasm?
    Select one:
    a. Bone destruction
    b. Elevated erythropoietin level
    c. Splenomegaly
    d. Initial symptom is frequently bone pain
    e. Rapid progression
A

c

22
Q 
22. Which is a common symptom of leukemia at presentation?
Select one:
a. Jaundice
b. Febrile state without obvious cause
c. Headache
d. Altered vision
e. Nausea and vomiting
A

b

23
Q
  1. Which genetic factor plays a role in leukemogenesis?
    Select one:
    a. Down syndrome
    b. Sickle cell anemia
    c. Thalassemia major
    d. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
    e. Epstein-Barr virus infection
A

a

24
Q 
24. Predominantly affected cell lines in myeloma multiplex (MM):
Select one or more:
a. Plasma cells
b. Myeloblasts
c. B lymphocytes
d. Megakaryocytes
A

a

25
Q 
25. The following are myeloid diseases, except:
Select one:
a. Polycythemia vera (PV)
b. Essential thrombocytosis (ET).
c. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
d. Myeloma multiplex (MM)
e. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
A

d

26
Q
  1. Abnormal condition(s) preceding myeloma multiplex (MM):
    Select one or more:
    a. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
    b. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
    c. Polycythemia vera (PV)
    d. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
A

d

27
Q
  1. Abnormal condition(s) preceding myeloma multiplex (MM):
    Select one or more:
    a. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
    b. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
    c. Polycythemia vera (PV)
    d. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
A

d

28
Q 
27. Chemotherapeutic target(s) in leukemias:
Select one or more:
a. mRNA synthesis
b. Purine synthesis
c. %*50%Glycolysis
d. Terminal oxidation
A

a/b

29
Q 
28. Pathogenetic factors of renal failure in myeloma multiplex (MM):
Select one or more:
a. Decreased perfusion
b. Nephrocalcinosis
c. Light chain deposition
d. Amyloidosis
A

b/c/d

30
Q
  1. Element of molecular pathomechanism of leukemia?
    Select one:
    a. Predominance of glycolysis in cellular energy production
    b. Increased mitochondrion production
    c. Plasma membrane reorganization
    d. Increased intracellular signaling leading to enhanced cell proliferation
    e. Accelerated differentiation
A

d

31
Q
  1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. T lymphocytes are more frequently affected than B lymphocytes
    b. High chance of in utero mutation generation
    c. Recurrent genetic alterations can be identified by cytogenetic testing
    d. Poor response to chemotherapy
A

b/c

32
Q
  1. Which is a common symptom of acute leukemia at presentation?
    Select one:
    a. Punctuated skin bleedings (petechiae)
    b. Painful swelling of the lower extremity
    c. Altered vision
    d. Nausea and vomiting
    e. Headache
A

a

33
Q 
33. Which is a clonal hematopoietic disease with primary bone marrow localization?
Select one:
a. Hodgkin disease
b. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
c. Mantle cell lymphoma
d. Follicular lymphoma
e. None of the above
A

b

34
Q
  1. Consequences of the bone lesions in myeloma multiplex (MM):
    Select one or more:
    a. Increased osteoblast activity
    b. Elevated serum calcium level
    c. Erythroid hyperplasia in the newly formed bone marrow space
    d. Pathological fractures
A

b/d

35
Q 
36. Which one is a targeted diagnostic procedure of clonal hematologic diseases?
Select one:
a. Fine needle biopsy
b. Scintigraphy
c. Computed tomography
d. Gastroscopy
e. Flow cytometry
A

e

36
Q
  1. As a result of uncovering the driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN):
    Select one or more:
    a. Novel, targeted therapies become feasible
    b. The invasive bone marrow examination can frequently be omitted
    c. The incidence of MPN diseases decreases
    d. The diagnostics become less expensive
A

a/b

37
Q
  1. As a result of uncovering the driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN):
    Select one or more:
    a. Novel, targeted therapies become feasible
    b. The invasive bone marrow examination can frequently be omitted
    c. The incidence of MPN diseases decreases
    d. The diagnostics become less expensive
A

a/b

38
Q
  1. Main AML subclasses according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification:
    Select one or more:
    a. AML with myelodysplastic alterations
    b. Therapy related AML
    c. AML with recurrent genetic abnormality
    d. AML associated with Epstein-Barr virus infectio
A

a/b/c

39
Q 
39. Factors in the molecular pathomechanism of leukemia, except?
Select one:
a. Decreased differentiation
b. Increased mitochondrion production
c. Increased DNA synthesis
d. Decreased apoptosis
e. Increased proliferative signalingtext
A

b

40
Q
  1. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification is primarily based on:
    Select one:
    a. Cytochemistry reaction pattern
    b. Cellular origin and genetic alterations
    c. Cytogenetic alterations
    d. Histopathological picture
    e. Prognosis
A

b

41
Q 
41. Which are the environmental factors playing a role in leukemogenesis, except?
Select one:
a. Industrial solvents
b. Epstein-Barr virus infection
c. Anti-tumor chemotherapy
d. Ionizing irradiation
e. Sickle cell anemia
A

e

42
Q 
42. Characteristic alteration in myeloma multiplex (MM):
Select one or more:
a. Renal failure
b. Elevated plasma total protein level
c. Anemia
d. Elevated blast count in the periphery
A

a/b/c

43
Q
  1. In AML, genes affected by mutation in more than 10% of the cases:
    Select one or more:
    a. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS)
    b. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)
    c. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)
    d. Break point cluster region (BCR)
A

b

44
Q
  1. Characteristic alteration in myeloma multiplex (MM):
    Select one or more:
    a. Elevated plasma cell count in the periphery
    b. Decreased plasma total protein level
    c. Osteolytic bone lesions
    d. Thrombocytosis
A

c

45
Q
  1. Characteristic alteration in myeloma multiplex (MM):
    Select one or more:
    a. Elevated plasma cell count in the periphery
    b. Decreased plasma total protein level
    c. Osteolytic bone lesions
    d. Thrombocytosis
A

c

46
Q 
45. Factors in the molecular patomechanism of leukemia, except?
Select one:
a. Increased proliferative signaling
b. Increased DNA synthesis
c. Increased mitochondrion production
d. Decreased differentiation
e. Decreased apoptosis
A

c

47
Q 
45. Factors in the molecular patomechanism of leukemia, except?
Select one:
a. Increased proliferative signaling
b. Increased DNA synthesis
c. Increased mitochondrion production
d. Decreased differentiation
e. Decreased apoptosis
A

c

48
Q
  1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. In the majority of cases, the malignant clone has increased differentiation capacity
    b. It is the result of a series of acquired mutations affecting the myeloid stem cell
    c. It causes death in a couple of weeks/months without treatment
    d. Myeloblasts are rarely seen in the periphery
A

b/c

49
Q
  1. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by:
    Select one or more:
    a. Predominant involvement of the megakaryocytic cell line
    b. Anemia
    c. Increasing prevalence among elderly people
    d. Elevated platelet count
A

b/c

50
Q 
48. Which of the following diseases is associated with increased AML-transformation risk?
Select one:
a. Follicular lymphoma
b. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
c. Essential thrombocytosis (ET)
d. Polycythemia vera (PV)
e. Myeloma multiplex (MM)
A

b

pathophys (17 decks)

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