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AANP Study Cards > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of neutropenia in adults

A
  • ethnic neutropenia

- drug-induced neutropenia

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2
Q

What medications cause neutropenia

A
  • Psychotropics
  • Antivirals
  • Antibiotics
  • NSAIDs
  • Anti-thyroid
  • ACEi
  • Beta Blockers
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3
Q

Neutropenia is defined as an ANC of

A

<1500

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4
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A
  • peripheral neuropathy starting in the feet or arms
  • numbness
  • ataxia
  • loss of vibration and position sense
  • impaired memory
  • dementia
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5
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma presents with

A
  • night sweats
  • fever
  • pain with drinking ETOH
  • generalized pruritus
  • painless enlarged lymph nodes
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
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6
Q

How is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Identified

A

Presence of Reed-Sternber Cells

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7
Q

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma presents with

A
  • night sweats
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • generalized lymphadenopathy
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8
Q

Multiple Myeloma presents with

A
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • bone pain in back or chest
  • proteinuria with Bence-Jones proteins, hypercalcemia and normocytic anemia
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9
Q

What are sx of Hemophilia A (Factor VIII)

A
  • easy bruising
  • excessive brusing
  • bleeding into joints
  • bleeding for prolonged periods
  • severe bleeding with trauma
  • heavy menses
  • hematuria
  • aPTT is prolonged
  • PT; FIbrinogen and platelets are normal
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10
Q

What is the presentation of iron-deficiency anemia

A
  • pallor
  • fatigue
  • exertional dyspnea
  • glossitis
  • angular chelitis
  • pica
  • koilonychia
  • systolic murmurs
  • tachycardia
  • heart failure
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11
Q

Diagnostic findings for IDA

A
  • Low ferritin/serum iron
  • High TIBC
  • High RDW
  • Poikilocytosis (variable shapes)
  • Anisocytosis (variable sizes)
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12
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pernicious anemia

A

elevated antiparietal antibodies

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13
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for folate deficiency

A

Decreased folate level; Elevated Homocystine

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14
Q

What is the gold standard test to dx B12 deficiency

A

B12 level (decreased)

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15
Q

What is the gold standard test for sickle cell

A

hgb electorphoresis

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16
Q

What are risk factors for IDA

A
  • PUD
  • NSAID use
  • Cancer
  • Heavy periods
  • Poor diet
  • Postgastroectomy
  • Increased physiologic requirement
17
Q

Cows milk before ___ age in children causes

A

12 months of age GI bleeds

18
Q

What are iron rich foods

A
  • meat
  • beans
  • green leafy vegetables
19
Q

Avoid taking iron at the same time as

A

Antacids, dairy, quinolones or tetracyclines

20
Q

Screening tests for all anemias is

A

CBC

21
Q

What is pernicious anemia

A

An autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of parietal cells by antiparietal antibodies, resulting in cessation of intrinsic factor production which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

22
Q

What are risk factors for B12 deficiency

A
  • malabsorption
  • dietary insufficiency
  • alcoholism
  • small bowel disease
  • antacids
  • H2 receptor antagonists
  • PPIs
  • Metformin
23
Q

What are sx of B12 deficiency

A
  • Tingling/numbness in hands and feet
  • Neuropathy
  • Difficulty walking
  • Difficulty performing fine motor tasks
  • paresthesias
  • decrease reflexes
  • inflammed tongue and glossitis
24
Q

Treatment for B12 anemia

A

B12 injection (1,000mcg/week) x 4 weeks then monthly for life

25
Q

What are sx of hemochromatosis

A
  • Chronic fatigue
  • skin hyperpigmentation
  • swelling of the 2nd and 3rd MCP joints
  • joint stiffness
26
Q

What is the most common cause of folic acid deficiency anemia

A
  • inadequate dietary intake
  • Alcoholism
  • Over cooking veggies
27
Q

What is the treatment of folic deficiency anemia

A
  • folic acid 1-5mg/day
  • stop overcooking veggies
  • women should be taking at least 400mcg of folic acid at least 1 month before conception
28
Q

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia

A

-An x-linked recessive genetic disease that is more common in males that is usually asymptomatic unless hemolysis occurs

29
Q

Hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency can be triggered by

A

Drugs (primaquie, sulfa, hydroxychlorquine, macrobid)
-after injection you will see hemolytic changes (acute jaundice, yellow sclera, pallor, fatigue, SOB, tachycardia, dark urine)

30
Q

What are sources of B12

A

All foods of animal origin (meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese)

31
Q

What are sources of folate

A

leafy green veggies, grains, beans, liver

32
Q

Thalassemia is more common in

A

Southeast asia, mediterranean, North africa, middle east and asia

33
Q

The most common hemophilia in the US is

A

Factor VIII deficiency

AANP Study Cards (20 decks)

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