Where is hemoglobin located? What important mineral is required for hemoglobin?

RBCs Iron is needed for hemoglobin

Reduction in total number of RBCs or Reduction in quality/quantity of hemoglobin

What are these types of anemia: Microcytic Macrocytic Hypochromic

Microcytic= RBCs are abnormally small Macrocytic= RBCs are abnormally large Hypochromic= RBCs are pale red

Hematology Flashcards by Brevin Morris

Where is hemoglobin located?
What important mineral is required for hemoglobin?

RBCs
Iron is needed for hemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

Allows RBCs to pick up oxygen from lungs and deliver it to body tissues.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is erythropoiesis?

What stimulates it?

Creation of RBCs

Stimulated by erythropoietin (kidney hormone) that is secreted when blood oxygen is low.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Hematopoiesis?

Creation of ALL blood cells.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anemia

What is it?

Reduction in total number of RBCs

Reduction in quality/quantity of hemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anemia

What can cause it?

Impaired RBC production
Blood loss
RBC destruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is hypoxemia?

What is this an indicator for?

Reduced oxygen in arterial blood

Anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are symptoms of anemia?

Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pallor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are these types of anemia:

Microcytic
Macrocytic
Hypochromic

Microcytic= RBCs are abnormally small
Macrocytic= RBCs are abnormally large
Hypochromic= RBCs are pale red

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrocytic-Normochromatic anemia

What does it cause?
What is it caused by?

Characterize by defective DNA synthesis

Caused by vitamin B12/folate deficiencies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrocytic-Normochromatic Anemia

What is pernicious anemia?

Treatment (for all macro. anemia)?

Lack of intrinsic factors that allow absorption of vitamin B12
Parenteral (through needle) dose of vitamin B12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Schillings test?

What is a positive/negative test

Uses radioactive B12 to determine if someone absorbs B12.

Normal patient will have radioactive urine
If not, will have B12 in feces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Folate deficiency anemia

What is it?

What are the treatments

Inadequate amounts of Folate (B9).

Daily oral dose of folate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Folate deficiency causes what to RBCs?

Macrocytic RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microcytic-Hypochromatic Anemia

What is it caused by?

Iron deficiency
Disorder to prophyrin/heme synthesis
Disorder to globin synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Iron deficiency anemia

What is it?

What can it be caused by?

Not enough Iron for RBCs to produce hemoglobin

Blood loss: body reuses iron, unless lost

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs/symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia?

Glossitis (inflammation of tongue)

Cold sensitivity

Spoon Nails

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normocytic-normochromatic anemia

What is it?

What is a type of anemia that is example?

RBCs normal in size; Insufficient in number
Aplastic Anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aplastic Anemia

What is it caused by (physiologically)?

Bone marrow depression that caused reduction in hematopoietic cell lines (decrease in all Blood cells)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aplastic Anemia

What are the causes?

Treatment?

Study These Flashcards

Radiation, chemical, toxins
Bone marrow transfusions

Hemolytic anemia

What is it?

Study These Flashcards

Accelerated destruction of RBCs

Hemolytic anemia

What are the 2 types?

Study These Flashcards

Congenital

Defective RBCs (sickle cell anemia)

Acquired

Spleen traps/destroy RBCs (autoimmune)

What is Sickle cell anemia?

Study These Flashcards

Misshaped RBCs that cannot efficiently carry oxygen.

What is polycythemia?

Study These Flashcards

Overproduction of RBCs?

What are these terms: * Leukocytosis * Leukopenia

* Leukocytosis= WBC count higher than normal (caused by infection) * Leukopenia= WBC count lower than normal

_Infectious Mononucleosis_ What is it? What virus causes it?

Self-limiting infection of B cells transmitted through saliva Caused by Epstein-Barr virus

_Leukemia_ What is it?

Uncontrolled proliferation of **malignant leukocytes** causing overcrowding in bone marrow

_Leukemia_; What are these terms: * Pancytopenia * Acute Leukemia * Chronic Leukemia

* Pancytopenia= Decreased production of all normal blood cells * Acute Leukemia= Presence of undifferentiated, immature blast cells * Chronic Leukemia= Have mature blast cells, but do not function properly

What are these types of acute **leukemia**: * Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) * Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

ALL: Person has too many immature B cells (lymphoblasts) AML: Person has too many myeloblasts

What are these types of chronic leukemia: * Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

_CML_: Too many blood cells being made _CLL_: Commonly in older adults Caused by a B cell disorder

What are the main differences (signs) of acute vs chronic leukemia?

_Acute_ * Progresses rapidly * Common in children _Chronic_ * Progresses slowly * Common in adults/more in men

What are the signs of all leukemias?

Anemia (bleeding problems) Increased infection Weight loss

_Lymphadenompathy_ What is it?

Swollen lymph nodes Palpable and tender

_Lymphadenompathy_ Local vs General

Local: Lesions near enlarged nodes General: Presene of malignant/nonmalignant disease

What is this malignant lymphoma: Hodgkin Lymphoma It is curable?

**Painless**, enlarged lymph nodes with presence of **Reed-Sternberg cells** **Yes**

If Hodgkin Lymphoma progresses, what can it cause? What lymph nodes are usually the first to be affected?

Fever, night sweats In neck (does not spread easily)

What is this malignant lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma What is it caused by?

Painless, swollen lymph nodes that spread, with **no reed-sternberg cells** Usually caused by previous **Viral** disease

What are the treatments for non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Bone marrow transplant

What is Burkitt Lymphoma? What is it caused by?

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma : Very fast growing tumor of Jaw * Caused by Epstein-Barr virus

What is mutiple myeloma (MM)? What is the indicator for it?

Malginant proliferation of plasma cells: Creates malignant antibody; **M-protein** * Becomes most prominent protein in blood

What are the main symptoms of Mutliple Myeloma?

* Hypercalcemia (breakdown of bones from overcrowding) * Bone pain * Renal failure * Anemia

What are the proteins (Ig) that Multiple Myeloma plasma cells produce?

* M-proteins * Bence Jones protein

_Thrombocytopenia_ What is it? What are the causes?

Low circulating platelets (\<150,000) _Causes_: Hyperspelinism (overactive spleen)

What are these disorders of platelets: Petechiae Purpura

Petechiae: Small bleeds (red dots) \<3mm Pupura: Reddish-purple bleeds \>3mm

What are bruises also known as?

Ecchymosis

What are the jobs of Vitamin K? What is it produced by?

Synthesis and regulation of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors (helps with clotting) Produced by liver (liver disease can mess up clotting factors)

What is Disseminated Intavascular Coagulation?

Systemic body reaction that causes widespread coagulation (clotting) **and** Hemorrhaging Caused by certain **stimulus** (Pregnancy)

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), what are the signs?

Bleeding from IV line. Systemic Cyanosis

Hematology Flashcards

(48 cards)