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Peds II > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which condition involves acute sxs of lethargy, tachycardia, pallor, irritability and poor oral intake in infants?

A

Anemia

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2
Q

What type of anemia is considered an inherited Bone Marrow Failure?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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3
Q

Which condition is often misdiagnosed as ITP?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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4
Q

Which condition involves progressive pancytopenia (all cell lines); several congenital malformations; increased incidence of malignancies?

A

Fanconi Anemia

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5
Q

What two conditions are you at increased risk of getting if you have Fanconi Anemia?

A
  • MDS

- AML

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6
Q

What type of anemia is considered an acquired Bone Marrow Failure?

A

Acquired Aplastic Anemia

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7
Q

What is the definitive treatment for both Fanconi Anemia and Acquired Aplastic Anemia?

A

HSCT (stem cell transplant)

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8
Q

What is the most common nutritional deficiency in children?

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

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9
Q

At what age is screening performed for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)?

A

12 months

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10
Q

What condition involves microcytic/hypochromic anemia, elevated RDW, Hb <11? What is the Ferritin level for this?

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

- Ferritin <12

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11
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) - hint: exact amount?

A

Iron supplements (6 mg/kg per day)

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12
Q

What are the two types of Megaloblastic Anemia?

A
  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency

- Folic Acid Deficiency

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13
Q

What are the two etiologies of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

A
  • Intestinal malabsorption

- Dietary insufficiency

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14
Q

What are the two etiologies of Folic Acid Deficiency?

A
  • Increased folate requirements

- Malabsorption syndromes

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15
Q

What type of Anemia involves neuro symptoms?

A

ONLY with Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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16
Q

Which two conditions involves hypersegmented nuclei, elevated homocysteine?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency
  • Folic Acid Deficiency
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17
Q

How can you differentiate Vitamin B12 Deficiency from Folic Acid Deficiency?

A

Elevated methylmalonic acid ONLY with Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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18
Q

When treating Megaloblastic Anemia, what must be considered?

A

Always check for both Vitamin B12 Deficiency AND Folic Acid Deficiency to avoid misdiagnosis and neuro sxs with B12

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19
Q

What are the four types of Congenital Hemolytic Anemias?

A
  • Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)
  • Thalassemia (alpha vs. beta)
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • G6PD Deficiency
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20
Q

Which condition involves hemolytic anemia; spherocytes, increased osmotic fragility?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

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21
Q

Which condition involves microcytic/hypochromic anemia, normal RDW?

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS)

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22
Q

How can you differentiate Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) from Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)?

A

HS has a NORMAL RDW

- IDA has an elevated RDW

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23
Q

Which two conditions are diagnosed via hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis?

A
  • Thalassemia (alpha vs. beta)

- Sickle Cell Disease

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24
Q

Which condition involves vaso-occlusive episodes = pain; chronic hemolysis?

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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25
Which condition involves hydroxyurea, treat painful vaso-occlusive episodes, avoid oxidative stress, may need HSCT for treatment?
Sickle Cell Disease
26
Which condition involves episodic hemolysis due to oxidative stress, infection, certain medications or foods?
G6PD Deficiency
27
Which condition involves Heinz bodies, bite-like deformities?
G6PD Deficiency
28
Which condition involves basophilic stippling ?
Lead Poisoning
29
Which condition only affects RBCs?
Familial Polycythemia (Congenital Erythrocytosis)
30
What is the recommended treatment for Polycythemia?
Phlebotomy
31
Which condition occurs in response to hypoxemia (cyanotic CHD, chronic pulmonary disease)?
Secondary Polycythemia
32
Which test is extrinsic? Which three factors are affected?
PT - VII - X - Tissue Factor
33
Which test is intrinsic? Which four factors are affected?
PTT/aPTT - VIII - IX - XI - XII
34
Which test is used to monitor Warfarin tx?
INR
35
Which test is used to test platelet dysfunction?
Bleeding time
36
What is the most common bleeding disorder of childhood?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
37
What condition is often associated with virus?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
38
Which condition involves immune-mediated attack against its own platelets?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
39
Which condition involves ecchymosis, epistaxis, multiple petechiae?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
40
Which condition involves PT and aPTT are normal; thrombocytopenia, normal WBC and Hb?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
41
What are the two recommended treatments for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
- Avoid meds that decrease platelet function (i.e. ASA) | - Prednisone
42
What are the two types of Inherited Bleeding Disorders?
- Von Willebrand Disease | - Hemophilia
43
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand Disease
44
Which condition involves increased bleeding due to no clots – prolonged bleeding (epistaxis, menorrhagia, GI); easy bruising?
Von Willebrand Disease
45
How can you differentiate Von Willebrand Disease from Hemophilia?
Prolonged bleeding time with vWF Disease | - Normal bleeding time with Hemophilia
46
Which medication can be used to treat both Von Willebrand Disease and Hemophilia A?
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
47
Which factor is deficient in Hemophilia A? Which factor is deficient in Hemophilia B? Which type is more common?
- A: factor VIII deficiency - B: factor IX deficiency Hemophilia A is more common
48
Which condition involves bleeding into joints and muscles is common; spontaneous hemarthrosis if severe?
Hemophilia
49
Which condition is triggered by event (sepsis, trauma, malignancy)?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
50
Which condition involves trigger event → widespread coagulation cascade = microthrombi → massive consumption of platelets, fibrin, coagulation factors → severe bleeding?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
51
Which condition involves shock, diffuse bleeding tendency?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
52
Which condition involves elevated D-Dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDPs)?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
53
What organ synthesizes prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V, VII, IX, X, XII and XIII?
Liver
54
What four factors depend on Vitamin K to be synthesized?
- II - VII - IX - X
55
Which condition involves: - Platelet count decreased - PT normal - aPTT normal
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
56
Which condition involves: - Platelet count normal/decreased - PT normal - aPTT normal/prolonged
Von Willebrand Disease
57
Which condition involves: - Platelet count normal - PT normal - aPTT prolonged
Hemophilia
58
Which condition involves: - Platelet count decreased - PT prolonged - aPTT prolonged
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
59
What type of disorders involve hypercoagulation (leads to DVTs or PE); + FH of thrombosis?
Inherited Thrombotic Disorders
60
Which two factors are inactivated by active Protein C?
- V | - VIII
61
With what condition can you develop Warfarin-induced skin necrosis?
Protein C Deficiency
62
Which condition is a cofactor of Protein C → facilitates action of activated Protein C?
Protein S
63
What condition is a point mutation that is resistant to inactivation by activated Protein C?
Factor V Leiden
64
Which condition involves risk of VTE increased dramatically, especially if taking oral contraceptives?
Factor V Leiden
65
Which condition is an inhibitor of thrombin → VTE?
Antithrombin Deficiency
66
What medication's efficiency is significantly diminished with Antithrombin Deficiency?
Heparin
67
What is the most common type of small vessel vasculitis?
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
68
Which condition involves preceded by URI; deposition of IgA immune complexes?
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
69
What is the hallmark symptom of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)?
Palpable purpura
70
Which condition involves normal/elevated platelet count; possible elevated ASO titer, elevated serum IgA, + hemoccult?
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)

Peds II (12 decks)

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