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PNP Certification Exam > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Expression of the average volume and size of individual erythrocytes

A

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

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2
Q

What is considered normocytic:

A

80 - 100 fl

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3
Q

Expression of the average hemoglobin concentration or proportion of each RBC occupied by hemoglobin as a percentage, “color

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

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4
Q

What is considered normochromic:

A

32-36%

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5
Q

Expression of the average amount and weight of hemoglobin contained in a single erythrocyte

A

MCH

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6
Q

What is normal MCH?

A

26-34 pg

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7
Q

What is used to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease?

A

Red cell distribution width (RCDW)

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8
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, RCDW is _______

A

increased

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9
Q

In thalassemia, RCDW is ____ or slightly _____

A

normal; increased

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10
Q

In anemia of chronic disease (ACD), the RCDW is ______

A

increased

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11
Q

Number of new, young RBCs in circulation

A

Reticulocyte count

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12
Q

What is the normal reticulocyte count

A

1-2%

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13
Q

Conditions caused by various disorders of the red blood cell count, quality of hemoglobin and/or volume of packed RBC’s.

A

Anemia

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14
Q

Anemias are classified according to what two things?

A

MCV and MCHC

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15
Q

MCV and MCHC in: IDA, thalassemia, lead poisining

A

Microcytic

Hypochromic

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16
Q

MCV and MCHC in: ACD, acute blood loss, early IDA

A

Normocytic

Normochromic

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17
Q

What is the most common type of anemia?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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18
Q

IDA is caused by _____ iron intake, _____ needs, or slow __________ blood loss.

A

decreased
increased needs
gastrointestinal

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19
Q

Infants can get IDA from due to micro hemorrhage from the gut from early intake of whole milk before the age of __ months

A

9 months

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20
Q

In toddlers, iron deficiency is often due to ______ reliance on whole milk at the expense of solid foods.

A

increased

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21
Q

Girls are especially subjected to IDA after __________

A

menarche

22
Q

What does the skin and mucus membranes look like in IDA?

A

pale, dry skin and mucous membranes

23
Q

Abnormal eating behaviors such as ingesting foam etc that is seen in IDA

A

Pica

24
Q

Hgb and Hct are __ in IDA

A

decreased

25
Q

Total iron binding capacity is _______ in IDA

A

increased

26
Q

Reticulocyte count is ____ in inadequate iron intake; and _______ in cases of blood loss

A

low

elevated

27
Q

What is the goal of managing IDA?

A

correct the underlying cause

28
Q

Iron is dosed at __ to __ mg/kg/day until _______ normalizes.

A

3 to 6 mg/kg/day until hemoglobin normalizes

29
Q

What can you give to help increase the absorption of iron?

A

Orange juice

30
Q

A group of hereditary disorders that are characterized by abnormal synthesis of alpha and beta globin chains

A

Thalassemia

31
Q

Thalassemia has what genetic inheritance pattern?

A

Autosomal recessive

32
Q

Thalassemia differs from IDA in account of the reticulocyte count as the reticulocyte count is ____ in thalassemia

A

Increased

33
Q

Anemia in which abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and results in a variety of severe clinical consequences.

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

34
Q

The peak incidence of infection is between __ and __ years of age for SCD

A

1 and 3 years

35
Q

SCD has what genetic inheritance pattern

A

Autosomal recessive

36
Q

Patients with SCD suffer from what type of crisis?

A

Vaso-occlusive

37
Q 
SCD lab values: 
reticulocytes
WBC
platelets
indirect bilirubin
A

all are increased

38
Q

Management of SCD requires a chronic _____ _____ supplementation

A

Folic acid

39
Q

Cornerstone of therapy is to ______ episodes and to provide support during the _____.

A

prevent

crisis

40
Q

What medication is used to stimulate fetal hemoglobin, which does not sickle

A

Hydroxyurea

41
Q

What vaccines are important for SCD patients?

A

Pneumococcal and HBV

42
Q

Deficiency of factor VIII occurring in 1:7,000 males

A

Hemophilia A (X-linked recessive)

43
Q

Chronic disease as the result of toxic accumulation of lead in the body that leads to IDA

A

Lead poisoning

44
Q

Lead poisoning is described as a result of __ or more

A

5

45
Q

What are bluish discoloration of gingival border that is found in lead poisoning

A

Burtonian lines

46
Q

When is chelation therapy recommended in lead poisoning?

A

levels 45 or greater

47
Q

When is hospitalization for chelation/hydration/and monitoring needed?

A

levels greater than 70

48
Q

A group of malignant hematological diseases in which normal bone marrow elements are replaced by abnormal, poorly differentiated lymphocytes known as blast cells

A

Leukemia

49
Q

Accounts for 75% of all cases, peak incidence around age 4, B>G

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

50
Q

Accounts for about 20% of leukemia and occurs primarily in infants and older children

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

51
Q

A peripheral smear ay demonstrate ______

A

blasts

52
Q

Bone marrow shows poorly differentiated _____ cells that replaces healthy _____ ______ tissue

A

blast

bone marrow tissue

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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