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PNP Certification Exam > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Characterized by reduced airflow rates; lung volumes within normal range or larger, typical have trouble with EXHALATION (i.e. asthma, chronic bronchiolitis, CF)

A

Obstructive disease

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2
Q

Reduced lung volumes and expiratory flow rates, difficulty with INSPIRATION (i.e. Pneumonia)

A

Restrictive disease

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3
Q

A disease of the lower respiratory tract that causes inflammation leading to obstruction of the small respiratory airways.

A

Bronchiolitis

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4
Q

What IM injection can be given for RSV prevention?

A

Synagis

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5
Q

Synagis is given IM how often

A

Every month during RSV season

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6
Q

Who should receive Synagis?

A

Less than 2 years of age with chronic lung disease

Premature infants (<32 weeks) during first year of life

Infants 32-35 weeks if they: attend daycare, have school-aged siblings, are exposed to environmental pollution, have abnormal airways, or have severe neuromuscular problems

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7
Q

A disease characterized by an increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli, and manifested by widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of treatment.

A

Asthma

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8
Q

Asthma has ______ of smooth muscle.

A

Hypertrophy

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9
Q

Asthma has mucosal _____ and _____

A

edema and hyperemia

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10
Q

In asthma, there is ______ of mucus glands

A

hypertrophy

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11
Q

In asthma, there is a ________ of epithelial basement membranes. This is called what?

A

Thickening

Remodeling

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of asthma reveal breath sounds that are ___________

A

hyper resonant

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13
Q

Ominous signs of asthma include: ____ breath sounds, inability to maintain ________, and __________.

A

Absent breath sounds
Inability to maintain recumbency (can’t lay down)
Cyanosis

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14
Q

Hospitalization is recommended if the peak flow is less than ___ liters/minute or there is no improvement in _______ after aerosol treatment.

A

60 L/min

ventilation

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15
Q

Is chest XRay required in the management of asthma?

A

No, unless ruling out other issue

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16
Q

What is the most important value when assessing lung function?

A

Forced expiratory volume

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17
Q

What stages of asthma are there? (4)

A

Intermittent, Mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent

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18
Q

What stage of asthma? Symptoms 2 days/week, nighttime awakenings: 2/month, rescue inhaler use: 2 days/week, interference with normal activity: none, lung function: FEV is more than 80% predicted

A

Intermittent Asthma

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19
Q

What stage of asthma? Symptoms more than 2 days/week, night time awakenings 3 to 4 times/mo, rescue inhaler use more than 2 days/week but NOT daily, Minor limitation on normal actiity, FEV greater than 80%

A

Mild persistent asthma

20
Q

What stage of asthma? Daily symptoms with more than once/night nighttime awakenings but NOT nightly. Daily rescue inhaler use with some limitation on daily activity. FEV is 60-80% predicted.

A

Moderate persistent asthma

21
Q

What stage of asthma? symptoms throughout the day with nightly nighttime awakenings, rescue inhaler use several times/day with extreme limitations on daily life, FEV is less than 60% predicted.

A

Severe persistent asthma

22
Q

What is the goal of asthma treatment?

A

Focuses on achieving and maintaining control

23
Q

What is part of a preferred treatment for persistent asthma across all age groups?

A

inhaled corticosteroids

24
Q

Combination therapy is recommending with IHC with what drug?

A

Long acting beta agonist

25
Q

What age should you implement LABAs?

A

greater than 12 years

26
Q

What are the three distinct age groupings for asthma?

A

0-4
5-11
12 and older

27
Q

How frequent should initial monitoring be completed for asthma?

A

Every 2-4 weeks until control is achieved

28
Q

How long must continued control be present before stepping down therapy for asthma?

A

3 months

29
Q

For intermittent asthma what is the recommended step for initiating therapy?

A

Step 1 preferred: SABA + PRN

30
Q

For mild persistent asthma, what is the recommended step for initiating therapy?

A

Step 2 preferred: Low-dose ICS OR montelukast

31
Q

For age group 0 to 4 for moderate to severe asthma, what is the recommended step for initiating therapy?

A

Step 3 and consider short course of oral systemic corticosteroids

32
Q

For age group of 5-11 years in moderate persistent asthma, what is the recommended step?

A

Medium dose ICS option and consider short course of oral systemic corticosteroids

33
Q

Age group 5-11, what is the process for 5 to 11 in severe persistent asthma, what is the recommended step for initiating therapy?

A

Medium dose OR step 5 ICS option and consider short course of oral systemic corticosteroids

34
Q

Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract as microorganisms gain acces by aspiration, inhalation, or hematogenous dissemination.

A

Pneumonia

35
Q

If a newborn gets pneumonia, what are the three most common offending pathogens?

A

GBS, chlamydia, E. coli

36
Q

70-80% of ALL pneumonias are _____

A

Viral

37
Q

H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella shows what on XRay?

A

Lobar consolidation

38
Q

E coli, staph, and pseudomonas reveals what on XR?

A

patchy infiltrates

39
Q

What medication is used to treat pneumonia when infected with S. pneumoniae?

A

PCN

40
Q

What medication is used to treat pneumonia when infected with M. Catarrhalis?

A

Macrolides such as Zithromax

41
Q

What medication is used to treat pneumonia when infected with H. influnenzae?

A

Amoxicillin or cephalosporin

42
Q

An autosomal recessive disorder with a chromosome 7 long arm mutation which produces a defect in epithelial chloride transport resulting in dehydrated, thick secretions.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

43
Q

What lab diagnostic test can confirm CF?

A

Pilocarpine iontophoresis (sweat test)

44
Q

What does the chest XR reveal on a CF patient?

A

Cystic lesions and atelectasis

45
Q

Also known as whooping cough; contagious respiratory illness caused by Bordatella pertusis; can cause serious complications in infants and young children.

A

Pertussis

46
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat pertussis? When should antibiotics be given during the disease course?

A

Azithromycin/Clairithromycin/Erythromycin

Within first 3 weeks of infection

PNP Certification Exam (12 decks)

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