Hematology lab

Question 1

Types of blood cells (3)

Answer 1

1. Leukocytes
2. Erythrocytes
3. Thrombocytes

Question 2

RBC functions

Answer 2

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 3

WBC general functions

Answer 3

Combat infections and invading organisms

Question 4

Platelets functions

Answer 4

Prevent blood loss

Question 5

Red blood cells normal values for males and females

Answer 5

Males: 5.4 +/- .8 million per cubic millimeter
Females: 4.8 +/- .6 million per cubic millimeter

Question 6

White blood cells normal values for males and females

Answer 6

Males: 7,000-9,000 per mm^3
Females: 5,000-7,000 per mm^3

Question 7

Platelets normal values for males and females

Answer 7

For both males and females: 150,000-400,000 per mm^3, average is 300,000

Question 8

Which blood cells are not true cells?

Answer 8

RBCs and platelets. Both of these cells lack nuclei and are unable to undergo mitosis to form daughter cells. They are nothing more than “bags” to carry specific chemicals; hemoglobin in the RBC and platelet factor 3 in the platelet.

Question 9

How much oxygen can be transported in the blood?

Answer 9

If each gram of hemoglobin in the red cells is maximally saturated with oxygen, it can carry about 1.34 ml of O2. In each 100 ml
of blood there is roughly 15 g of Hb, hence around 20 ml of oxygen can be carried in every 100 ml of blood.

Question 10

Anemia definition

Answer 10

An abnormal decrease in the number of erythrocytes, so that insufficient oxygen is carried to the tissues and they become oxygen starved. There are multiple possible causes

Question 11

Which factors can cause anemia? (3)

Answer 11

Decreased Hb in each cell, decreased cell size, hemorrhage

Question 12

Which parts of the blood must be examined to diagnose anemia? (5)

Answer 12

Hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, cell size,

hemoglobin in each cell

Question 13

Hematocrit definition

Answer 13

The percent volume of whole blood that is occupied by red blood cells.

Question 14

How is hematocrit determined?

Answer 14

It is determined by centrifuging the blood in special “hematocrit” capillary tubes. The percent of whole blood made up of cells is
determined by the height of the red cell in the tube, compared to the height of the total column of blood.

Question 15

Hematocrit normal values males

Answer 15

43-49%, average 46%

Question 16

Hematocrit normal values females

Answer 16

36-45%, average 41%

Question 17

Hemoglobin normal values males

Answer 17

13.6-17.2, average 15.4 grams/100 ml blood

Question 18

Hemoglobin normal values females

Answer 18

11.5-15, average 13.3 grams/100 ml blood

Question 19

An individual is considered anemic at which hemoglobin value?

Answer 19

Less than 10 g/100 ml of blood is usually considered as anemic, but major difficulties seldom develop until a level of 7.5 g/100 ml blood is reached.

Question 20

Standard curve definition

Answer 20

Shows the amount of light cyanomethemoglobin can absorb compared to the amount of light known concentrations of hemoglobin can absorb. Transmittance is plotted on the graph with known samples to determine Hb concentration.

Question 21

Normal blood volume males

Answer 21

79 ml blood per kilogram body +/- 10%

Question 22

Normal blood volume females

Answer 22

65 ml blood per kilogram body weight +/- 10%

Question 23

Neutrophilic leukopenia can be caused by (3)

Answer 23

Protozoan infections, malnutrition, aplastic anemia

Question 24

Neutrophilic leukocytosis can be caused by (3)

Answer 24

Strenuous exercise, rheumatic fever, severe burns

Question 25

Lymphocytosis can be caused by (3)

Answer 25

Mumps, German measles, whooping cough

Question 26

Eosinophilia can be caused by (3)

Answer 26

Scarlet fever, parasitic infections, allergic reactions

Question 27

Monocytosis can be caused by

Answer 27

Chronic diseases, such as tuberculosis and leukemia

Question 28

Lymphocytopenia can be caused by

Answer 28

Administration of glucocorticoid drugs

Question 29

Granulocytes (3)

Answer 29

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils

Question 30

Agranulocytes (2)

Answer 30

1. Monocytes

2. Lymphocytes (large and small)

Question 31

Neutrophils

Answer 31

65% of total WBC in humans. Multi-lobed purple (three or more) nucleus, small pink cytoplasmic granules

Question 32

Eosinophils

Answer 32

2-4% of total WBC in humans. Bilobed blue-purple nucleus, coarse red-orange cytoplasmic granules

Question 33

Basophils

Answer 33

.5% of total WBC in humans. Bilobed, black nucleus that is usually completely obscured by large, deep-blue or reddish-purple cytoplasmic granules

Question 34

Small lymphocytes

Answer 34

20-25% of total WBC in humans. Very large nucleus that is dark purple and spherical. The nucleus is surrounded by a thin cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is light blue and nongranular.

Question 35

Large lymphocytes

Answer 35

3% of total WBC in humans. Large nucleus that is dark purple, oval, and indented. Light blue nongranular cytoplasm

Question 36

Monocytes

Answer 36

3-7% of total WBC in humans. Large nucleus that can be blue or purple and is deeply indented (horseshoe shaped). Light blue-gray cytoplasm (nongranular).

Question 37

Functions of blood (3)

Answer 37

1. Transport- oxygen, waste, hormones
2. Regulation- body temperature, pH, blood volume
3. Protection- against blood loss and infection

Question 38

Plasma makes up what percentage of the blood?

Answer 38

55%

Question 39

Formed elements make up what percentage of the blood?

Answer 39

45%