Hematology tests And Procedures

Question 1

Flow cytometry based test
Most sensitive and specific test to confirm the diagnosis of HS

Answer 1

EMA binding test or Eosin-5-Maleimide binding test

Question 2

Rarely done
Inaccurate
RBC count, hemoglobin and ct are elevated in people living at higher altitude

Answer 2

Manual RBC Count

Question 3

Recommended screening test for PK deficiency

Answer 3

PK flurescent spot test or Autohemolysis test

Question 4

Confirmatory test for PK deficiency

Answer 4

Quantitative PK Assay

Question 5

Recommended screening test for G6PD deficiency

Answer 5

G6PD flurescent spot test or Autohemolysis test

Question 6

Confirmatory test for G6PD deficiency

Answer 6

Quantitative G6PD assay

Question 7

Confirmatory test for Hereditary Spherocytosis

Answer 7

EMA binding test

Question 8

Tests for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Answer 8

D-dimer test
Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2

Question 9

Reference method of Hemoglobin Determination

Answer 9

Cyanmethemoglobin

Question 10

Major components of Drabkin’s reagent in HiCN method

Answer 10

Potassium ferricyanide - Hb to Methemoglobin
Potassium cyanide - Provide cyanide ions

Question 11

Cyanmethemoglobin Method is measured ______ nm except sulfhemoglobin

Answer 11

540 nm

Question 12

Movement of changed particles in the electric field

Answer 12

Electrophoresis

Question 13

Electrophoresis (Fastest hemoglobin)

Answer 13

Hb H = abnormal
Hb A1 or A = normal

Question 14

Electrophoresis (Slowest hemoglobin)

Answer 14

Hb C, A2, E, C Harlem, O arab

Question 15

Primary screening procedure to detect variant or abnormal hemoglobin

Answer 15

Cellulose acetate (pH 8.4-8.6)

Question 16

Complementary procedure to cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis
Confirm variant of hemoglobins
Differentiates hemoglobin S from D and G

Answer 16

Citrate Agar (pH 6.0 to 6.2)

Question 17

Instrument used to determine packed cell volume
Red blood cells that have settled

Answer 17

Hematocrit

Question 18

T or F:
In reading hematocrit, the third layer (buffy coat) is read but not the 2nd layer (plasma)

Answer 18

T

Question 19

75 mm long
Inner bore = 1.2 mm
Can hold 0.05 ml of blood
Plug = 4 to 6 mm long
2 types = Red band (Heparin) and Blue Band (No anticoagulant)

Answer 19

Details for hematocrit tube

Question 20

In doing hct determination, you must spin the sample for _______ mins at ______ rpm

Answer 20

5 mins
10,000 rpm

Question 21

T or F:
After centrifugation, read the hematocrit. Results should agree within 1% or +- 0.1 L/L

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Falsely INCREASED hct is due to these following errors

Answer 22

Dehydration
Hemoconcentration
Insufficient centrifugation
Buffy coat inclusion in reading

Question 23

Falsely DECREASED hct is due to these following errors

Answer 23

Hemolysis
Improper sealing
Increased AC concentration
Introduction of excess interstitial fluid or tissue fluid

Question 24

Used for checking validity of test results
Works only for normocytic, normochromic specimens

Answer 24

Rule of Third

Question 25

Erythrocyte indices

Answer 25

Mean Cell Volume Mean Cell Hemoglobin Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration

Question 26

Average volume of an individual RBC Reference range: 80 to 100 fl

Answer 26

Mean Cell Volume

Question 27

Average weight or amount of hemoglobin in an individual RBC Reference range: 26 to 32 pg

Answer 27

Mean Cell Hemoglobin

Question 28

Mean concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC Reference range: 31 to 37 g/dl or %

Answer 28

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration

Question 29

Increased hematocrit level above normal Two kinds: Absolute polycythemia (Elevated total red cell mass) and Relative Polycythemia (Normal total red cell mass but increased hct)

Answer 29

Polycythemia

Question 30

Type of Absolute Polycythemia Primary marrow disorder Panmyelosis

Answer 30

Absolute Polycythemia or Polycythemia vera or Polycythemia Rubra Vera

Question 31

PV has ________ mutation

Answer 31

JAK2V61LF mutation

Question 32

Hallmark of Polycythemia Vera

Answer 32

Plethora or florid or reddish skin

Question 33

Treatment of choice in Polycythemia Vera

Answer 33

Therapeutic phlebotomy

Question 34

T or F: Therapeutic phlebotomy can be used for patients with Hereditary Chromatosis or Bronze Diabetes

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Rate of fall of RBCs settling to the bottom of the tube Distance inn that the RBCs fall in 1 hr

Answer 35

ESR or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Question 36

T or F: ESR is prone to errors ESR has low specificity and sensitivity

Answer 36

T

Question 37

Methods of ESR determination (4)

Answer 37

Westergren Modified westergren Wintrobe VES-MATIC 20 instrument

Question 38

Method of ESR determination Results determined after 1 and 2 hours Anticoagulant used = 3.8% sodium citrate

Answer 38

Westergren

Question 39

Method of ESR determination Results determined after 1 hr Most commonly used Anticoagulant used = EDTA Diluent = 0.85% NaCl or 3.8% Na Citrate

Answer 39

Modified Westergren

Question 40

ICSH

Answer 40

International Council for Standardization in Hematology

Question 41

CLSI

Answer 41

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute

Question 42

Method of ESR determination Results determined after 1 hr Anticoagulant used = Double oxalate or EDTA

Answer 42

Wintrobe

Question 43

Method of ESR determination Bench top analyzer designed to measure ESR in 20 samples 18 degree slant of tubes with respect to the vertical axis

Answer 43

VES-MATIC 20 instrument

Question 44

ESR Modified Westergren Reference range (Adult Males)

Answer 44

0 to 10 mm/hr

Question 45

ESR Modified Westergren Reference range (Adult Females)

Answer 45

0 to 15 mm/hr

Question 46

ESR Wintrobe Reference range (Adult Males)

Answer 46

0 to 9 mm/hr

Question 47

ESR Wintrobe Reference range (Adult Females)

Answer 47

0 to 20 mm/hr

Question 48

Red blood cells are diluted in 0 to 0.85% saline solutions Amount of hemolysis at each concentration is determined Anticoagulant used = Heparin

Answer 48

Osmotic Fragility Test

Question 49

Normal value for OFT

Answer 49

Initial hemolysis = 0.45% Complete hemolysis = .30%

Question 50

Confirmatory test for PNH or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Answer 50

Flow Cytometry

Question 51

Tests for PNH or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Answer 51

Ham’s Acidified Serum Test Sugar H2O Test or Sucrose Hemolysis Test Flow Cytometry

Question 52

Most sensitive test for IDA

Answer 52

Serum Ferritin Test