Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Neutropenia

Answer 1

Not enough neutrophils (happens after chemo, bone marrow transplant)

2 options: use G-CSF or GM-CSF

Better: G-CSF (b/c better outcome)

Question 2

3 types of granulocytes

Answer 2

BEN

Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophils

Question 3

Eosinophil

Answer 3

Treat parasites

Reduce severity of allergic rxns

Question 4

Basophils (least common)

Answer 4

Big, dark stained granules

Heparin (prevent clots) and Histamine(promotes blood flow to tissues), kallikrein (attracts eosinophils)

Role in hypersensitivity reactions

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

Most common granulocyte

Antimicrobial
Inflammation (pus)

Role in phagocytosis of bacteria/dead cells

Question 6

Thrombopoesis

Answer 6

Making platelets

endomitosis–>megakaryocyte–>chopped up into platelets

Regulated by thrombopoietin

Question 7

Thrombopoietin

Answer 7

Made in liver, stim. development of megakaryocyte

Question 8

Deficiency in thrombopoietin leads to what?

Answer 8

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

This leads–>idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)

Question 9

Signs of “Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura(ITP)

Answer 9

Bruising

not enough platelets

Question 10

Excess thrombopoietin=

Answer 10

Thrombocytosis

Question 11

Stem cell facto (SCF) i.e. “c-kit ligand”

Answer 11

Made by fetal tissues

Increases responsiveness of stem cells to cytokines

Potential uses: for hematopoiesis and bone marrow transplants

Question 12

HGF’s: hematipoietic growth factor (3)

Answer 12

1. Colony stimulating factor (CSF)
2. Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin (stim platelet production)
3. Cytokines (interleukins)

Question 13

Erythroid lineage (aka RBC)

Answer 13

“CFUs Produce Blood Precursors Of Reticulocytes & Erythrocytes

Pluripotent stem cell–>myeloid progenitor–>erythroid CFU–>mature progenitor–>

Proerythroblast–>basophilic erythroblast–>polychromatophilic erythroblast–>orthochromatic erythroblast–>reticulocyte–>erythrocyte

*=where EPO can stimulate

Question 14

What leads to upregulating production of RBC’s and what can do this?

Answer 14

• Hypoxia
• Loss of blood

Using Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 15

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 15

Made in kidneys (90%)

Stimulates progenitor cells–>turns off inhibitors & increases cyclins and antiapoptotic proteins (Lance Armstrong)

Question 16

Leukopoiesis

Answer 16

Making of WBC

Question 17

CSF

Answer 17

(CSF=colony stimulating factor)–>stimulates CFUs (colony forming units)

-speeds up neutrophil development

Question 18

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)

Answer 18

Can be moved to blood by chemotherapeutic drugs and hematopoietic growth factors

Question 19

Hematopoiesis is regulated by what 2 factors?

Answer 19

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)

Question 20

Islands in bone marrow

Answer 20

Make blood cells and when done go into vein channels–>circulation

Question 21

Vascular niche

Answer 21

Where most of bone marrow is (center of long bone)

Marrow, stromal compartment

holds everything together

Question 22

Endosteal niche

Answer 22

Inner layer of bone (osteoblastic niche)

Area between bone and marrow

Have osteoblasts (make) and osteoclasts (Break)

Question 23

Where is the long-term storage of quiescent HSC’s?

Answer 23

Endosteal niche

Question 24

Niches

Answer 24

Differentiation occurs here. Will call in quiescent (parked) cell and make needed cells

Give physical support, allow signals inside

Question 25

Endothelial cells

Answer 25

Gatekeeper Make growth factors and cytokines Allows mature cells out

Question 26

Macrophages

Answer 26

Vacuum cleaners

Question 27

Osteoblasts

Answer 27

Make angiopoietin 1-upregulate differentiation Thrombopoietin: neg regulator

Question 28

Osteopontin

Answer 28

Helps osteoblasts but negative effects on # of hematopoietic stem cells

Question 29

Types of Cells

Answer 29

Hematopoietic stem cells: can self-renewal (need to look at cell surface markers to identify) Committed precursor cells: make myeloid or lymphoid Maturing cells: come from committed precursor cells

Question 30

Erythroid CFU (colony forming unit)-->

Answer 30

RBC

Question 31

Megakaryote CFU (colony forming unit)-->

Answer 31

Platelet

Question 32

Granulocyte-macrophage CFU (colony forming unit)-->

Answer 32

Monocytes and neutrophils

Question 33

Basophil CFU (colony forming unit)-->

Answer 33

basophil

Question 34

Eosinophil CFU (colony forming unit)-->

Answer 34

eosinophil

Question 35

Lymphoid stem cell-->

Answer 35

T and B cells

Question 36

Why use CFU's? (colony forming unit)

Answer 36

Allows body more specificity You can have specific things that act on these units