Hematopoiesis & Leukopoiesis

Question 1

In order for an HSC to become a mature RBC, what cytokines must be expressed? (Be sure to name all cytokines)

Answer 1

SCF, IL-3 and Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 2

How do macrophages and dendritic cells differ based on function?

Answer 2

The primary function of macrophages is phagocytosis while dendritic cells function in antigen presentation and cytokine secretion.

Question 3

A complete blood count ordered by a physician for a patient in the ER indicated high levels of neutrophils and band cells. What type of infection does the patient likely have?

Answer 3

Bacterial infection

Question 4

Name all cytokines that must be expressed for the production of a neutrophil.

Answer 4

SCF, IL-3 → GMCSF → GCSF

Question 5

RBCs and WBCs are derived from what progenitor cells?

Answer 5

Myeloid progenitor cells

Question 6

What cytokines are necessary for an HSC cell to differentiate into a myeloid progenitor?

Answer 6

Stem cell factor (STF) & IL-3

Question 7

Where does hematopoiesis take place?

Answer 7

Bone marrow (varies prenatal)

Question 8

In what ways are basophils and mast cells alike?

Answer 8

Mast cells contain histamine in their granules and play a role in allergic response, similar to basophils.

Question 9

What cytokine must be expressed following GCSF to produce an eosinophil?

Answer 9

IL-5

Question 10

Expression of this cytokine results in monocyte production. What cytokine produces granulocytes?

Answer 10

Monocyte colony-stimulating factor (MCSF)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF)

Question 11

What are immature platelets called?

Answer 11

Megakaryocyte

Question 12

This granulocyte plays a role in both parasitic worm infection and allergies.

Answer 12

Eosinophils

Question 13

What is a band cell?

Answer 13

An immature neutrophil that has some phagocytosis ability

Question 14

Hematopoiesis & leukopoiesis start from a single multipotent cell. What is that cell?

Answer 14

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Question 15

Hematopoietic stem cells divide and daughter cells commit to a particular pathway. What are the cells of these pathways?

Answer 15

Myeloid progenitor cells & Lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 16

Natural killer cells are produced from lymphoid progenitor cells. Name all cytokines that must be secreted for differentiation into a NK cell.

Answer 16

IL-7 & IL-15

Question 17

What granulocyte is naturally (as in without infection) most present in the blood?

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

What cytokine stimulates differentiation into T cells?

Answer 18

IL-2

Question 19

Hematopoiesis is a continuous process that happens as cells naturally die. What other factors impact hematopoiesis?

Answer 19

• Infections
• Vitamin or mineral deficiencies
• Medications
• Inherited conditions
• Blood cancers

Question 20

What is a reticulocyte?

Answer 20

The final immature RBC before a mature RBC. The reticulocyte is larger than a mature RBC due to ribosomes, mitochondria, and mRNA used to synthesize remaining hemoglobin.

Question 21

True/False. Both B & T lymphocytes are generated in the bone marrow and are released as mature cells.

Answer 21

False. Both B & T cells are generated in the bone marrow, however, only B cells leave as mature cells. T cells mature in the thymus.

Question 22

In order for an HSC to differentiate into a granulocyte monocyte progenitor, what cytokine must be released?

Answer 22

Granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)

Question 23

What CDs are expressed on the surface of B cells?

Answer 23

CD19, CD20, CD21

Question 24

Lymphoid progenitor cells produce what cells?

Answer 24

B & T lymphocytes and natural killer cells

Question 25

Where do monocytes become macrophages?

Answer 25

In tissues

Question 26

What are the three granulocytes?

Answer 26

Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

Question 27

The presence of CD16 and CD56 on the cell surface is indicative of what cell?

Answer 27

Natural Killer cells

Question 28

Expression of IL-7 causes HSC to differentiate into what progenitor cell?

Answer 28

Lymphoid progenitor cell

Question 29

This granulocyte plays a role in allergic inflammation.

Answer 29

Basophil

Question 30

Expression of IL-4 causes a lymphoid progenitor cell to differentiate into what cell?

Answer 30

B cell

Question 31

The presence of IL-11 & Thrombopoietin (TPO) will cause a myeloid progenitor cell to differentiate into what cell?

Answer 31

Platelet

Question 32

What morphologically distinguishes a monocyte from a lymphocyte?

Answer 32

Monocytes have an invagination in the nucleus, giving it a bean-shaped appearance.

Question 33

Both Helper and Cytotoxic T cells have CD3 on their surface. How can these cells still be differentiated?

Answer 33

Helper T cells also display CD4 Cytotoxic T cells also display CD8

Question 34

What cytokines are produced by regulatory T cells?

Answer 34

IL-10, TGF-B

Question 35

What CDs are associated with B cells?

Answer 35

CD19, CD20, CD21

Question 36

What cytokines are associated with NK cells?

Answer 36

CD16, CD56