Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine Clerkship > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How to work up microcytic anemia?

A

Ferritin, fe, %sat, TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to work up normocytic anemia?

A

T.bili/direct bili
LDH
Haptoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to work up macrocytic anemia?

A

Megaloblastic vs nonmegaloblastic

If megaloblastic, get b12 folate mma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia?

A

Liver disease, etoh, drugs (haart, 5fu), metabolic (lesch-nyhan, orotic aciduria).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurologic side effects of B12 deficiency?

A

DCML destroyed – loss of proprioception. Irreversible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thalassemia

A

Problem in globin creation.
Alpha thalassemia (1 missing=asx, 2 missing = mild, 3 missing = severe, 4 missing = hydrops fetalis)
Beta-thalassemia (1 missing mild, 2 missing severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to diagnose thalassemia? How to distinguish between alpha and beta thal?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis. Beta thalassemia has weird hemoglobins (HbA2, HbF). Alpha thalassemia is a diagnosis of exclusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to treat thalassemia minor and thalassemia major?

A

Minor- no treatment

Major – transfuse, be careful about iron overload. Give desferoxamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of sideroblastic anemia

A

B6 deficiency, cancer, MDS – reversible

Reversible forms: EtoH, lead, low copper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sickle Cell anemia diagnosis?

A

Do a hemoglobin electrophoresis. In a crisis? Look at smear for sickling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to treat sickle cell crisis?

A

IVF, O2, pain control.

If priapism, acute chest, acute brain? Exchange transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

G6PD Deficiency

A

Oxidative stress caused by drugs, fava beans, etc causes rbc lysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cells in G6PD

A

Heinz bodies leading to bite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to diagnose G6PD deficiency?

A

Look at G6PD levels 6-8 weeks after event. Can’t check it during hemolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Defect in ankyrin or spectryn, loss of central pallor. Hemolyzed in spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to treat hereditary spherocytosis

A

IVIG, splenectomy, folate, iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to treat warm hemolysis?

A

Steroids or eculizumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PNH

A

Lack DAF, complement fixation during the night leads to intravascular hemolysis. Cells are CD55 negative. Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Presenting signs of chronic leukemia

A

Increased white count, smear normal. Patient usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Presenting signs of acute leukemia

A

Anemia, bleeding, fevers, bone pain. Younger patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

AML

A

Seen in patients in their late 20’s usually. Can go into DIC, have auer rods. Show myeloperoxidate. Treat M3 with ATRA. Otherwise with chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ALL

Study These Flashcards
A

Seen in young kids and downs syndrome.

Bone marrow biopsy reveals >20% blasts stain with tdt. Treat with chemo, make sure to give prophylaxis with AraC

23
Q

CML

Study These Flashcards
A

Patient is middle aged, CBC shows neutrophils. 9,22 translocation treat with gleevec.

Can go into blast crisis which is a killer

24
Q

CLL

Study These Flashcards
A

Seen in old men, chronic

Treatment is for men

25
Lymphoma presenting symptoms
Nontender lymphadenopathy +/- B symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats)
26
How to work up possible lymphoma?
Excisional biopsy
27
4 possible results of excisional ln biopsy
Another cancer = met Nothing = fungus, bacteria, TB +RS cells = Hodgkins -RS cells = NHL
28
Next step after diagnosing lymphoma?
Stage by CXR, CT abd and pelvis or pet ct, bone marrow biopsy
29
How to treat based on stage
Stage 2a or better, radiation | Stage 2b or worse, chemo
30
How to stage
Stage 1 = 1 LN IIA = 2+ LN on same side of diaphragm III= 2+ on both sides of diaphragm IV = mets
31
Hodgkins lymphoma
``` + b symptoms + RS cells Contiguous spreading Pel-Epstein: fevers that come and go Alcohol makes LN painful ```
32
How to treat hodgkins lymphoma
ABVD or BEACOPP
33
Nonhodgkins lymphoma
``` - B symptoms Usually diagnosed at 2b or worse Hematogenous spreading Burkitt's -> starry sky. Extranodal disease ```
34
How to treat nonhodgkins
Tx with CHOPPER w/ CNS Ppx
35
Primary hemostasis
Tissue factor exposed, binds vWF, then binds GP1B, then ADP receptor binds ADP, then Gp2b/3a binds fibrinogen, gets cross linked to fibrin
36
Secondary hemostasis
XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, thrombinogen -Thrombin, fibrinogen fibrin
37
Factor trouble leads to
Deep bleeding, prolonged bleeding after surgery. Hemarthroses
38
Platelet dysfunction leads to
Petechiae, gums, vaginal bleeding
39
Von Willibrand Disease
Defect in VWF so problem with ptt, bleeding time Because of factor 8 insufficiency too. Tx with DDAVP.
40
Bernard soulier | Glansmann's
Defect in GP1B | Gp2b3a
41
HIT
5-7 days post heparin platelets drop by 50% due to heparin platelet factor 4 immune complex formation. Confirm with HIT antibody. Tx by switching to argatroban
42
Time course for HIT if not heparin naive?
1-2 days. much faster than 5-7 days
43
TTP
Defect in ADAMSTS13 which cleaves VWF multimers. Decrease in platelets. Causes renal failure, AMS, hemolytic anemia, fever.
44
Treatment for TTP
Exchange transfusion. NEVER GIVE PLATELETS.
45
ITP
Woman, diagnoses of exclusion, IVIG if acute, long term? Steroids or splenectomy.
46
DIC
You know this
47
Acquired factor disease
Due to liver disease or vitamin D deficiency. Increased PT PTT INR. Give K, if doesn't correct? then liver disease.
48
How to work up clotting diseases?
Factor 5 Leiden mutation, Prothrombin G20210A mutation, Protein C protein S, atIII levels, Lupus anticoagulant
49
Multiple myeloma
Recurrent infections, lytic bone lesions, renal failure. Work up with SPEP, UPEP, Skeletal survey. Confirm with BMBX >10% plasma cells. Treat if
50
MGUS
+Protein gap but
51
Sxs of multple myeloma
Calcemia Renal failure Anemia Bone pain
52
Waldenstroms
IGM secretion, hyperviscosity w/stroke, MI. SPEP is positive UPEP is negative SS is negative BMBX is >10% lymphocytes
53
Waldenstrom's Bone Marrow Biopsy
BMBX>10%

Medicine Clerkship (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions