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1
Q

T cruzi Disease

A

Chagas

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2
Q

Tcruzi group

A

Stercoraria

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3
Q

T crusi mulitply host manner

A

discountinous

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4
Q

Tcrzui most heavily infrcted cells

A

Myocytes and reticuloendothelial system

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5
Q

T cruzi vectors

A

Reduviid Tratoma, Panstrongylus, Rhodnius

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6
Q

T cruzi stages of deevlopment

A

Amastigote, Promasitote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

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7
Q

Tcruzi stage in bloodstream

A

Trypomastigote

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8
Q

T crusi stage in tissue cells

A

Amastigot

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9
Q

T cruzi stage in vevtor midgut

A

aastigote, epimastogote, promastigote

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10
Q

Tcruzi stage in hindgut

A

metacyclic trypomastigotes

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11
Q

what parasite and stage oosterior pointed, 2/3 undulations, threadlike flagellum, C U S shaped

A

Trypomastigotes

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12
Q

T cruzi trypomastigote charactersitic of species

A

kinetoplast

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13
Q

Tcruzi location where thye multiplu

A

Macrophages

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14
Q

Tcruzi method of multipliation

A

hbinary fission as amastigotes

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15
Q

Tcruzi transmission

A

bite broken skin mucous mebrane

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16
Q

Tcruzi disease stages

A

acute and chronic

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17
Q

T cruzi acute phase

A

inflammation of myocardium, fever malaise, lymphadenopathy, Chagomas, Romanas sign

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18
Q

Chagomas

A

furuncle lile lesion, central edema lympahdenopathy

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19
Q

Romanas sign

A

Conjunctivities, bipalpebral edema

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20
Q

T cruzi chronic stage

A

friboic resctions injure myocsrdium, cardiac conduction system p, enteric nervous system

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21
Q

T cruzi chronic stage most affected organ

A

aheart

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22
Q

T cruzi chronic stage symptoms

A

cardiomegaly, arrhytmnia, paliptations, GIT form=achalasia due to emegaesphagus, cosntipation due to megacolon 1/3rd affected

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23
Q

T cruzi disease diagnosis

A

compelte patient hsitory

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24
Q

T cruzi disease definitive diagnosis

A

visualize parssites in blood smears using giemsa stain, only in 1st 2 months

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25
T cruzi diagnosiis in chronic stage
elisa, hemaglutination , pcr
26
t cruzi disease cardiac diagnosis
ECG atrial fibrillation, low QRS voltage, cardiomayipathy
27
T cruzi. disease GIT diagnosis
barium esophagogram, barium enema
28
Tcruzi treatment and sideeffects
nifurtimox ( weight loss anorexia behavioral changes) and benznidazole (rashes, bone marrow suppression, neuropathy)
29
nifurtimox moa
oxidative radicals, dna synthesis
30
T cruzi disease epidemiology
chagas disease, 10 mil worldwide, latin americas, inwho list pf. eglected diseases
31
Tbrucei gambiense and rhodesiense disease
HAT african sleeping sickness
32
T brucei family
Salivaria
33
T brucei vector
Tsetse fly Glossina
34
T brucei gambiense localise, affects, epidemiology
western pand central subsahara, humnas, reservoir dogs pigs sheep, 95%
35
T brucei rhodesiense localize, affects, epi
east sfrica, cattle and wild animlas, humans aciddntal, more rapid and fatal 5%
36
T brucei stages
epimastigot and trypmastigote
37
T brucei location in body
Bloom lymph and spleen CSF
38
what parasite and stage selnder, stumpy, flattened and fusiform, large central karyosome, undulatingmembrane, flagellum
trypomastigote
39
HAT initial lesion
chancre, then eschar, more common in gambiense
40
HAT 2 stages
hemolymphatic stage and meningocephalic stage
41
HAT hemolymphatic
fever headache, muscle pain malaise, anemia myocsrditis
42
lymph nodes enlarged nontender rubbery
Winterbottoms sign HAT gambeiense
43
HAT hemilymphatic reason
damage in tissue due to toxins or immune reactions
44
HAT meningoecephalitic
CNS symotms, headache, sleep,apathy, behavour, convuslions speech defects, paralysis
45
deep delayed hyperesethsia
kerandals sign HAT meningocephalitic
46
Continously changing surface proteins
antigenic variation T brucei
47
T brucei diagnosis
trypanosomes in chancre, lymph, CSF, blood
48
T brucei pathognomic for meningoencepahlitic stage
increased IgM levels
49
T brucei diagnsotic test
Card agglutination test
50
T brucei treatment and efects
Suramin sodium for both (fever, rash, renal insufficiency, muscle pain), pentamidine for gambiense (tachycardia hypoglecemia hypotension), melarsoprol for CNS (fatal arsenic ecncephalopathy)
51
Melasroprol second line drug
Nitrofurazone and eflornithine
52
Melarsoprol reaction
Jarsih Herxheimer reaction febrile epsiode
53
T brucei epidemiology
300,00.in subsaharan africacatt | e and game animals like antelopes are reservoir animlas
54
Leishmania 2 types
New world (amazonensis, barziliensi, mexiacana, guynensis, chaagsi) old world (tropica, aethipica, major)
55
Leishmania vector
Phlebotomus Lutzomyia sandfly
56
Leishmania primary reservoirz
Dogs and rodents
57
zleihsmania in mammalian host
amastigote
58
Leishmania in vector
promastigote
59
what stage and parasite ovoid bodies, live in monocytes, leukocytes, large nucelus,axoneme srise from kinetoplast
Amastigote Lesihamnia
60
what stage and parasite ssingle free flagellum from kinetoplast, invade reticuloendothelial cells
promastigotes zleishmania
61
leishmania diseases
CL, DCL, MCL VL
62
Lieshmania immune system response
Leishamnia specific Th1 type CD4+ Tcells, macrophages, cytokines
63
zlishamnia most common form
CL
64
erythematous papul or nodule / orientsl button
CL lesihkaniasisis
65
Chiclero ulcer in ears
L. mexicana
66
Leptomatous keishmania, localized, non ulcersting papule
DCL
67
In 2-5% L braziliense, mucous mmebranes
MCL
68
Nasal stiffiness, discharge, esoitaxis, destruction od nasal septum
Espundia, MCL
69
Kala azar, by L donovani complex,
VL
70
VL cause
spread in spleen liver bone marrow
71
Twice daily fever spikes, chills
acute VL
72
hepatosplenomegaly efever weakness loss of appetite
Subacute chronic VL
73
MCL Th1 response
Strong
74
VL th1 response
low absent
75
Hypopigmented macules, amlar erythema, nodules, ulcerations
post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis
76
leishamnia diagnosis
amastigotes in lesions, tissue biopsy
77
Lieshmania skij test positive in _, negative in_
CL MCL, DCL VL
78
Leishamnia treatment
sodium stibogouconate, meglumine (abdmonial pain, nausea, arthralgia, arrythmia), drug of choice is amphotericin B, Miltefosine in VL patients
79
Lieshamnia disease of poverty
squalid, poor housing malnutrition, weak immune system, lack of resources
80
coinfection leishmania
HIV/VL
81
Leishamnia prevention
repelents DEET and permethrin, no chemoprohpylaxis

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