intensitnal nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
Most common ibtenstinal nematode
A
A. lumbircoides
2
Q
A. lumbircoides most frequent region
A
tropics
3
Q
Soil tranmsitted helminths
A
A. lumbircoides, Trichuris trichuria, hookworms
4
Q
STH inbfection pathology
A
tissue reaction, intensitnal iritation, complications
5
Q
STH diease of poverty contirbutes to
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malnutrition, imparied cognitive performance, reduce productivity
6
Q
A. lumbricoides muscle type
A
polymyarian
7
Q
Worm with smooth striated cuticles, 3 lips, sensory papillae
A
A. lumbricoides
8
Q
Worm male centrally curved psoterior with 2 spciules, long tortuous tubule
A
A. lumbricoides
9
Q
WOrm female reporductive organs in posterior 2 thirds
A
A. lumbricoides
10
Q
Worms reside but do not attach in itnestines
A
A. lumbricoides
11
Q
A. lumbricoides produces-
A
PI-3 against digestion, pshophorylcholine against lymphocyte proliferation
12
Q
Infertile eggs longer and narrow than fertile, thin shell, irregular mammliated coating, corticated
A
A. lumbricoides,
13
Q
A. lumbricoides infertile eggs how common
A
2/5 infections
14
Q
fertiile eggs gahve outer corasley mammlated albumious covering, could be decorticated
A
A. lumbricoides fertile egg
15
Q
egg has thick, transparent hyaline shell, thcih outer layer, thin vitelline inner mebrane
A
A. lumbricoides fertile eggs
16
Q
A. lumbricoides infective stage
A
emnyronated egg
17
Q
A. lumbricoides larvae travel
A
penetrate intestinal wall->portal vein->liver->hepatic vein->right heart->pulmonary vessels->lungs
18
Q
A. lumbricoides larvae molting location
A
lungs
19
Q
A. lumbricoides embyraontaion tim
A
2-3 weeks
20
Q
A. lumbricoides hepatotrachael migration time
A
14 days
21
Q
A. lumbricoides diagnostic stage
A
fertilized egg, uinfertilied egg, adult worm
22
Q
A. lumbricoides larvae how many molts before embryonated
A
2 molts in soil
23
Q
A. lumbricoides pathology
A
reaction of tissues, irritaion of intesntine, complications due to migration
24
Q
A. lumbricoides lung complications
A
host sensitization, lung infltration, asthm, pneumonia
25
A. lumbricoides most frequent complain
vague abdominal pain
26
A. lumbricoides symptoms systematic
easinophilia, lactose intolerance, vimtain a malabsoprtion
27
A. lumbricoides serios complication
erratic migration of adult worms; biliary ascariasis, appendiscities, acute peritonitis, intesitnal obstrution
28
Biliary ascariasis due to
invasion through ampulla of Vater, cause severe colicky abdominal pain
29
A. lumbricoides diagnosis estbalioshed by
stool sample, KATO-KATZ technique, DFS, FECT
30
A. lumbricoides diangostic test useful for communities
Kato thick smear, Kato Katz
31
Techniqie for eggs per gram and inteisnity of helmionth infection
Kato-Katz, high sensitiivity than DFS
32
A. lumbricoides treatment
albendazole (400 mg dose, 200 for children 1-2), mebendazole (higher cure rate, 500 mg), pyrantel pamoate (10mg/kg)
33
A. lumbricoides benzimidazoles moa
bind to B-tubulin, disrupt microtuuble polymerization
34
A. lumbricoides benzmidazoles adverse
pegastirc pain ehadahce, diarreha. minimized by taking table aftter meal
35
A. lumbricoides prevnetive chemotherapy
>20% prevalence = mas drug admiinstration Garantisadong Pamabata targets 85%
36
A. lumbricoides treatment contraidinications benzimidazoles
children elss than 1 year old, pregnant in first trimester
37
A. lumbricoides epidemi factors
high human densitiy, agricultural practices, illtieracy, poor sanitation
38
A. lumbricoides reinfection when
four mojnths post treamtnet, full in 6-7 months
39
T. trichiuria common name
whipworm
40
T. trichiuria muscle arrangement
holomyarian
41
Female worm blunt posterior end, male coiled psoterior with single scpule and sheeth, anterior attenuated
T. trichiuria
42
Worm egg lemon/football shaped. plug like polar eminance, yellowish outer, tranparent inner
T. trichiuria
43
T. trichiuria eggs compared to Ascaris, are m,ore prone to
dessication
44
T. trichiuria pore forming portein
TT47 creates pores, embed their whip like portion
45
T. trichiuria larval stages how manmy
4 larvals tages
46
T. trichiuria life cycle, unliek AScaris
no heart-lung migration
47
Petehcial hemorrhages, predispose to eamebic dysentery
T. trichiuria
48
T. trichiuria symptomatic at over
5000 eggs per gram
49
Chronic dysentery and rectal prolapse,
TTrichuris dysnetery synmdrome
50
T. trichiuria systemitc symptoms
Anemia, bloody diarrhea stools, pain, weight loss
51
T. trichiuria diagnosis
DFS and Kato thick smear
52
T. trichiuria diagnosis recommended
Kato thick smear
53
T. trichiuria diagnosis more sensitive
FLOTAC
54
T. trichiuria treatment
Mebendazole 100 mg twice a day for 3 days (100 2 3)
55
T. trichiuria traetment contraidincation
hypersnesitivity, prengancy in 1st trimester
56
T. trichiuria symptoms
heache, GIT disorder, vomitingm, nausea
57
T. trichiuria thrives in
cecum and colon
58
T. trichiuria prevention and control
Biannual mass drug administration; mebendazole 500 mg, albendazole 400 mg
59
Hookworm species
NEcator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale
60
Blood sucking nematodes
Hookworms
61
Hookworm muscle arrangemenbt
meromyarian
62
Worm small cylindrical, grayish white. Male posterior end has caudal bursa with rib like rays. Buccal capsule ventral pair of cutting plates, Head curves opposite from body, hook at anterior end
N americanus
63
Worm head continues same dieratvcion as curvature of body, buccal capsule has two pairs of verttrnal teeth
A duodenale
64
Hookworm rhabdi larvae more attenuated poosteriorly, longer buccal caivty. smaller genital primoridum than _
S. setrcoralis
65
Fialriform larvae buccal spears conscipuous and parallel
N americanus
66
Filariform larvae buccal spears inconspicuous
A duodenale
67
Eggs blunty roudned ends, single thin transparent hyaline shell, segmented at ovipositioj, 2-8 stage division
Hookworm eggs
68
Hookworm infective stage
Nonfeeding filarifirom larvae (L3)
69
Hookworm travel
Skin->venules->heart->lungs->alveoli
70
Hookworm pathology
skin at site of entry, lung migration, small intenstine
71
Maculopapular lesion/localized erythema (ground itch, dew itch)
hookworm at site of entry symtoms
72
Hookworm lung migration symptoms
brongitis or pneumonitis, hemorrhages and eosinophilic leukocytic infiltration
73
Hookworkm intestine symtpooms
abdominla pain, seatorrhea, easinphilia
74
hookworm species greater blood loss
A duodenale
75
progressive, secondary, microcytic, hypochomric anemia; hjypoalbuminemia
Chronic hookworm disease
76
Hookworm immune response
Easinophils, mast cells, Th2 cells, polyvalent IgE
77
Hookworm diagnosis depends on
identification of aprsaites in stool
78
Hookworm diagnosis tests
DFS, Kato thick/Kato Katz, FLEC/zinc, FLOTAC (higher sensitivivty), Harada-Mori
79
Hookworm treatment drug of choice
Albendazole 400 mg singel dose, drugs for anemia
80
Hookworm treatment moa
Block uptake of glucose by the nematodes
81
Hookwomkr treatment adverse effects
headache diarrhea epigastric pain
82
Hookworm prevalent i PH
N americanus 97%
83
Hookworms factors in transmission
enviornment suitability, fecal pollution, contact between soil and skin/mouth
84
Hookworm difference in method
N americanus percutaneous; A duodenalue perc. and oral
85
Hookworms zoonotic can cause
Creeping ruption (Cutaneous larva migrans)
86
S stercoralis dsintinctive stages
Free-living rhabditiform and aprasitic filarifomr stages
87
Worm filariform finely striated, selnder tapering anterior, short conical pointed tail, four indistinct lips
S. stercoralis
88
Freeliving rhabiditiform femnale has double-bulbed esphagus
S. stercoralis
89
Freeliving rhabiditiform male tail ventrally curved, two cpoulatory spicules, gubernaculum, no caudal alae
S. stercoralis
90
Rhabditiform larva longated esophagus, pyrifioprm posterior bulb
S. stercoralis
91
infective filariform larva, non feeding, slender, similar to hookworm with distinct left at tip of tail
S. stercoralis
92
S. stercoralis worm eggs laid are
embryonated already
93
S. stercoralis travel
skin->bloodstream->lungs->intenstines
94
S. stercoralis where they depsiot eggs
In intesitnal mucosa
95
S. stercoralis diagnostic stage
rhabditioform alrva
96
T trichuria infective stage
embnyronated eggs
97
T trichuria diagnostic stage
unembryoanted egg
98
Hookworm diagnostic stage
unembryonated egg
99
S. stercoralis infective stage
Filariform L3 stage alrva
100
S. stercoralis stages of acute infection
invasion of skin, migration to lungs, penetration of intestinal mucosa by adults
101
ERythema, pruritic elevated hemorrhagic papules
S. stercoralis 1st phase
102
Lobar pneumonia and hermoorrhae; mimic bronchitis
S. stercoralis 2nd phase
103
S. stercoralis adult worms found where
duodnenum, upper jejunum
104
intractable, painless, intermitted diarrhea (Cochin China )
S. stercoralis
105
Borborygmi, constiation, intermittend vomitting, emaication, lobar pneumonia, GI bleed, malasorpotion leading to cachexia
chronic S. stercoralis
106
S. stercoralis diagnosis symmptom
unexplained easinophilia
107
S. stercoralis diganosis most successful
Harada Mori culture
108
S. stercoralis Treatment
Ivermectin best results fr chronic uncomplication strongyloidiasis
109
S. stercoralis common name
Threadworms
110
S. stercoralis factors that affect trnamission
poor snaitation and disposal of feces
111
S. stercoralis prevention and control
avoid walking barefoot, similar to hookworms
112
Cancer patients, and debilitating diseases hould be clread of this parasite
S. stercoralis, may cause dissemanaited S., invades vital organs
113
E vermicularis common name
human pinworm
114
E vermicularis infection characterizred by
perianal itching
115
E vermicularis muslce arrangememnt
meromyarian
116
Most commion helminth in temperate where saintaion is in place
E vermicularis
117
Adult worms have cuticular alar expansions at anterior, prominent esophaegael bulb at posterir
E. vermicularis
118
Rhabiditioform larvae has esopahgael bulb but no ciuticular expansion
E. vermicularis
119
Egg is asymmetrical, one side flattned, one side convex
Outer triple albumin covering, innner lipoidal memrbane, tadpole like embryo
E. vermicularis
120
E. vermicularis deposit eggs where
perianal skin
121
parasite rarelty produces serious lesions; mild catrarrhal inflammation of intesitnal mucosa
E. vermicularis
122
Main symptom is perianal pruritis that may lead to insomnia , poor appeotite, irritabilitym, infection
E. vermicularis
123
Familiar/group disease
E. vermicularis
124
E. vermicularis diagnosis test
Graham's scotch adhesive tape swap (perianal cellulose tape swab).
125
E. vermicularis eggs found only in _ of infected
5%
126
E. vermicularis treatment drug of choice
Mebendazole 100 mg, albendazole 400 mg; 2nd pyrantel pamoate 11mg/kg Cure rate 90%
127
Only intestinal nematode infection cannt be controlled through sanitary disposal of feces
E. vermicularis
128
E. vermicularis control
presonal cleanliness and personal hygeine
129
Causes disaease associated with protein-losing enteropathy, electrolyte imabalnce, intestinal malasborption
C philippinensis
130
E vermicuklaris diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs
131
E vermicularis infective stage
embyronated eggs
132
C philippinensis natural hosts
fish-eating brids
133
Belong to Trichinelloidea
Trichuris, Trichinella, C philippinensis
134
Thin fimalemntous anterior, slightly thicker and shorter psoterior
C philippinensis
135
Male has unspined sheath; secretopry cells called stichocytes
C philippinensis
136
Entire esophaegal stucture in C philippinensis
Stichosome
137
WOrms peanut-shaped with stirated shells and flattned b ipolar plug
C philippinensis
138
C philippinensis eggs embyronated where
soil or water
139
C philippinensis diagnostic stage
unembryonated eggs
140
C philippinensis infective stage
9infective larvae
141
Abdomnial pain, borborygmi, diarrghea 8-10 voluminous stools per day, sever protein-losing enterophaty and hypoalbuminemia
C philippinensis
142
C philippinensis worm pathogeneisis
Worms cause micro ulcers in pethielium and degeneration and mechanicam compression of cells
143
C philippinensis diagnosis
DFS or stool concentration, ELISA ihghh specificiity
144
C philippinensis share cross reaction of anitbodies with _
T. spiralis, ELISA has 100% spec and sens using T. sprialis antigen
145
C philippinensis treatment
electroloyte repleacement and high rptien diet; mebendazole 200 mg wtice for 20 days, or albendazol;e 400 mg
