Hemoflagellates Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the hemoflagellates?

A

Flagellum, kinoplast, undulating membrane

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2
Q

What disease does Trypanosoma cruzi cause?

A

American trypanosomiasis, otherwise known as Chagas’ disease

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3
Q

What are the definitive hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Humans, dogs, primates

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4
Q

What are the reservoir hosts of T. cruzi?

A

Armadillos, etc.

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5
Q

What is the intermediate host of T. cruzi?

A

Kissing bug

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of kissing bugs?

A

Nocturnal blood feeders, bite on the lips, defecate while biting. Only about 12 species are efficient vectors.

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7
Q

Where does the infection of T. cruzi reside?

A

The bloodstream

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8
Q

What are other routes of transmission of T. cruzi?

A

Blood transfusion, ingestion of infected meat, congenital transmission

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9
Q

What are the signs of acute canine Chagas’ disease?

A

Fever, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, myocarditis (arrythmia, death)

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10
Q

What are the signs of chronic canine Chagas’ disease?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrythmias, R-CHF

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11
Q

What is xenodiagnosis?

A

Xenodiagnosis is a process to diagnose an infectious disease by exposing tissue to a vector and then examining the vector for the presence of a microorganism or pathogen

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12
Q

How does one diagnose canine Chagas’ disease?

A

Blood smears to dx acute phase, serologic tests, xenodiagnosis

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13
Q

How does one treat Chagas’ disease?

A

Kill circulating trypomastigotes with nifurtimox, etc. no cure for chronic disease

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14
Q

How does one control Chagas’ disease?

A

Eradicate kissing bugs, screen blood donors

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15
Q

How is African trypanosomiasis transmitted?

A

The tsetse flies

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16
Q

What is the chronic form of human sleeping sickness?

A

T. b. gambiense

17
Q

What is the acute form of human sleeping sickness?

A

T. b. rhodesiense

18
Q

What are the hosts of African trypanosomiasis?

A

Antelopes, cattle sheep, dogs, cats, etc.

19
Q

What are the signs of nagana?

A

Fever, remitting fevers, anemia, icterus, edema, abortion, lethargy, weakness, loss of condition

20
Q

What are some methods of controlling/preventing nagana?

A

Destroy breeding sites of tsetse flies, sterilize males, chemotherapy, trypanotolerant cattle breeds

21
Q

What is the transimission of Trypanosoma evansi?

A

Transmitted by stable flies, disease similar to T. brucei

22
Q

What is Trypanosoma equiperdum?

A

Venereal disease of horses and donkeys, in Asia, eastern Europe and Africa. There are three stages: edema, rash, paralysis. Can be fatal unless treated.

23
Q

What is the host of Leishmania?

A

Mammalian vertebrates

24
Q

What is the vector of Leshmania?

25
Where does leishmania reside?
The amastigote form lives inside macrophages and within phagolysosomes
26
What species of leishmania is a problem in the U.S?
L. infantum
27
What is the resevoir host of L. infantum?
Canines are natural reservoir host, get sick (visceral and cutaneous involvement)
28
How does leishmania transmit dog to dog?
Biting, reusing needles, blood transfusions, breeding (transplacental)
29
What are the risk factors of L. infantum infection?
Foxhounds are possible more breed susceptible
30
What is the treatment of L. infantum?
Pentavalent antimonials or allopurinol
31
What are some recommendations for hunt clubs regarding L. infantum?
Test for infection, exclude potential positives from breeding, confirmed infections should be euthanized, etc.