HEMOFLAGELLATES

Question 1

Hemoflagellates

Answer 1

• Leishmania spp
• Trypanosoma brucei complex
• Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 2

MOT and vector of Leishmania spp

Answer 2

MOT: skin innoculation of promastigote
Vector: sandflies (phlebotomous/lutzomyia)

Question 3

infective stage of Leishmania

Answer 3

promastigote

Question 4

MOT and vector of Trypanosoma brucei complex

Answer 4

MOT: skin inoculation of metacyclic/metacystic trypomastigotes

Vector: tsetse flies (Glossina spp)

Question 5

composed of 2 or more organisms that share a common biology

Answer 5

Trypanosoma brucei complex

Question 6

MOT and vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 6

MOT: indirect inoculation of metacyclic/ metacystic trypomastigote
Vector: feces of Kissing/ Redwiid/ Triatomine bugs

Question 7

habitat of Leishmani spp

Answer 7

lymphoid tissues of the skin mucus, membranes, visceral organ (liver, spleen lymphq

Question 8

habitat of T. brucei complex

Answer 8

Blood, lymph, CSF

Question 9

habitat of T. cruxi

Answer 9

• Endothelial cells, muscles, nervous tissues (amastigotes)
• Blood, CSF (trypomastigote)

Question 10

developmental stages of Hemoflagellates

Answer 10

PAMET

P - PROMASTIGOTE
A - AMASTIGOTE
M- METACYCLIC TRYPOMASTIGOTE
E- EPIMASTIGOTE
T- TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Question 11

vector of Leishmania spp

Answer 11

sandfly

Question 12

developmental stages of Leishmania spp

Answer 12

PA
- Promastigote (sandfly)
- Amastigote (man)

Question 13

vector or T. brucei

Answer 13

Tsetse fly

Question 14

developmental stages present in T. brucei

Answer 14

MET
- Metacyclic Trypomastigote (tsetse fly)
- Epimastigote (tsetse fly)
- Trypomastigote (man)

Question 15

vector of T. cruzi

Answer 15

kissing, redwiid, triatomine bugs

Question 16

developmental stages present in T. cruzi

Answer 16

AMET
- Amastigote (man)
- Metacyclic Trypomastigote (bug feces)
- Epimastigote (bug)
- Trypomastigote (man)

Question 17

Skin lesions with elevated margins that leave ugly scars on healing

Answer 17

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 18

Old World CL

Answer 18

Leishmania tropica, L. major

Question 19

New World CL

Answer 19

L. mexicana

Question 20

vector of L. mexicana

Answer 20

Lutzomyid fly

Question 21

oriental sore, delhi ulcer, aleppo, jericho, baghdad bol

Answer 21

old world CL

Question 22

Chiclero’s ulcer

Answer 22

New World CL

Question 23

specimen diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Answer 23

skin biopsies from margin of ulcer

Question 24

Highly disfiguring, leprosy-like cutaneous lesions that spread to the mucous membranes

Answer 24

Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 25

agent/s of Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Answer 25

L. braziliensis

Question 26

spx for Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Answer 26

Skin and mucosal biopsy

Question 27

aka espundia/tapir's nose

Answer 27

Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 28

fever, organomegaly, ascites, anemia, hyperpigmentation of the skin

Answer 28

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Question 29

Old World VL

Answer 29

L. donovani

Question 30

old world VL aka

Answer 30

- kala-azar - dum-dum - black fever

Question 31

New World VL

Answer 31

L. chagasi

Question 32

spx for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Answer 32

tissue aspirates or biopsy (liver, spleen, bone marrow)

Question 33

enlargement of abdomen due to fluid accumulation

Answer 33

ascites

Question 34

hyperpigmentation of the skin

Answer 34

black fever (darkening)

Question 35

* Trypanosome chancre (at the bite site) * Hemolymphatic stage (invasion of blood in lymphatic system) - fever and cervical lymphadenopathy winter bottom sign * Meningoencephalitic or sleeping stage – somnolence, coma, and death

Answer 35

African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

Question 36

swollen neck lymph node

Answer 36

winterbottom sign

Question 37

WEST African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

Answer 37

T. brucei gambiense (Chronic)

Question 38

EAST African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

Answer 38

T. brucei rhodesiense (acute)

Question 39

spx for african Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

Answer 39

- blood specimen - lymph node aspirate - CSF

Question 40

New World or American Trypanosomiasis

Answer 40

Chaga's disease

Question 41

agent of Chaga's disease

Answer 41

T. cruzi

Question 42

swelling around the eyes (orbital edema)

Answer 42

Romania

Question 43

swelling at other sites aside the eyes

Answer 43

chagoma

Question 44

manifestations of chaga's disease

Answer 44

fever, hepatosplenomegaly, myocarditis

Question 45

spx for chaga's disease

Answer 45

blood, biopsy from affected organs (muscles and nervous tissues)