Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HEMA311 > Hemoglobin > Flashcards

Hemoglobin Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Refers to erythrocytes with normal amount of hemoglobin
Possesses a central pallor which is about 1/3 of its diameter

A

Normochromic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Refers to erythrocytes wherein the central light area of the cell is larger and paler than normal

A

Hypochromic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In a hypochromic cell, what is the result of its MCH and MCHC?

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is hypochromic cell often associated with?

A

Microcytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Red cells which have an increased Hb content and wherein the central light area is smaller than normal

A

Hyperchromic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Variation in Hemoglobin content

A

Normochromic cell
Hypochromic cell
Hyperchromic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Variation in staining property

A

Polychromasia
Hypochromasia
Hyperchromasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This condition wherein the red cell are stained with various shades of blue with tinges of pink

A

Polychromatophilia
Polychromasia
Diffuse basophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This is due to the combination of the affinity of hemoglobin to acid stain and the affinity of RNA to the basic dye

A

Polychromasia
Polychromatophilia
Diffuse basophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This variation in staining property is slightly microcytic and indicates reticulocytosis

A

Polychromasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Polychromasia grading:
Slight - ?
1+ - ?
2+ - ?
3+ - ?
4+ - ?

A

1%
3%
5%
10%
>11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Condition wherein the red cells appear pale

A

Hypochromasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 possible causes of hypochromasia?

A

Decrease hemoglobin concentration
Abnormal thinness of the cells: IDA, Sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypochromasia grading
1+ - ?
2+ - ?
3+ - ?
4+ - ?

A

Area of central pallor is 1/2 of cell diameter
Area of central pallor is 2/3 of cell diameter
Area of central pallor is 3/4 of cell diameter
Thin rim of hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Condition wherein the red cell are deeply stained to abnormal thickness of cells

A

Hyperchromasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of hyperchromasia

A

Macrocytosis
Spherocytosis
Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Variation in size

A

Normocyte
Macrocyte
Microcyte
Megalocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Condition where in the red cells vary in size both macrocytes and microcytes coexist on the same smear

A

Anisocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the diameter of a normocyte?

A

6-8 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the associated diseases for anisocytosis?

A

Normal condition acute hemorrhagic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cell that is larger than normal greater than 8 um in size round in shape
MCV > 100 FL

A

Macrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The defect in macrocytes

A

Abnormal nuclear maturation but normal cytoplasmic maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Associated diseases for macrocytes:

A

Non-megaloblastic anemia myelodysplastic syndrome
Chronic liver disease
Bone marrow failure
Reticulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cell which is less than 6 um in size
MCV < 80 FL

A

Microcyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Defects of microcytes:
Abnormal cytoplasmic maturation but normal nuclear maturation
26
Where is microcytosis found in?
Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia Hemolytic anemia Hb E disease Inflammation Chronic post hemorrhagic anemia Sideroblastic anemia
27
Large oval-shaped red cell which is 9-12 um
Megalocyte
28
Defect of megalocyte
Abnormal nuclear maturation but normal cytoplasmic maturation
29
Where is megalocytosis found in?
Megaloblastic anemia like pernicious anemia Anemia Vitamin b12 deficiency anemia Diphyllobothrium latum
30
The functional definition if it is a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Anemia
31
It is defined operationally as a reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood.
Anemia
32
What can cause anemia?
Insufficient hemoglobin or the hemoglobin impaired function
33
Abnormal variation in RBC shape Associated with severe anemia
Poikilocytosis
34
Small, round, dense RBC with no central pallor Associated with hereditary spherocytosis, immune hemolytic anemia, extensive burns (schistocytes)
Spherocyte
35
Elliptical (cigar-shaped), oval (egg-shaped), RBC Associated with: Hereditary elliptocytosis/ovalocytosis Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia major Myelophthisic anemias
Elliptocyte Ovalocyte
36
RBC with slit-like area of central pallor Associated with: Hereditary stomatocytosis Rh deficiency syndrome Acquired stomatocytosis (liver disease, alcoholism) Artifact
Stomatocyte
37
Thin, dense, elongated RBC pointed at each end; may be curved Associated with sickle cell anemia Sickle cell-Beta thalassemia
Sickle cell
38
Hexagonal crystal of dense hemoglobin formed within the RBC membrane Associated with Hb C disease
Hb C crystal
39
Fingerlike or quartz-like crystal of dense hemoglobin protruding from the RBC membrane Associated with Hb SC disease
Hb SC crystal
40
RBC with hemoglobin concentrated in the center and around the periphery resembling a target Associated with: Liver disease Hemoglobinopathies Thalassemia
Target cell Codocyte
41
Fragmented RBC due to rupture in the peripheral circulation Associated with: Microangipathic hemolytic anemia (along with microspherocytes) Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia Extensive burns (along with microspherocytes)
Schistocyte (schizocyte)
42
RBC fragment in shape of a helmet Same associations as schistocyte
Helmet cell Keratocyte
43
RBC with membrane folded over Associated with: Hb C disease Hb SC disease
Folded Cell Biscuit Cell
44
Small, dense RBC with few irregularly spaced projections of varying length Associated with: Severe liver disease (spur cell anemia) Neurocanthocytosis (abetalipoproteinemia, McLeod syndrome)
Acanthocyte Spur cell
45
RBC with blunt or pointed, short projections that are usually evenly spaced over the surface of cell; present in all fields of blood film but in variable numbers per field Associated with: Uremia Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Burr cell Echinocyte
46
RBC with a single pointed extension resembling a teardrop or pear Associated with: Primary myelofibrosis Myelophthisic anemia Thalassemia Megaloblastic anemia
Tear drop cell Dacrocyte
47
Defect: abnormal membrane defect caused by an increase sphingomyelin and decrease in cholesterol and phospholipid
Acanthocytes
48
Defect: cell membrane is folded
Biscuit cell Folded RBC
49
Defect: abnormal lipid content of the membrane
Burr cell Echinocyte
50
Defect: G6P deficiency resulting to accumulation of Heinz bodies
Blister cell Bite cell
51
Aka crenated cells, sea-urchin cell
Echinocytes
52
Defect: ATP deficiency due to prolonged storage of anti-coagulated blood Pathologically, due to abnormal lipid content of the membrane
Echinocytes Crenated cells
53
Aka mexican hat
Codocytes
54
Defect: deficiency in cholesterol, phospholipid in the membrane Deficiency in lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT)
Codocytes
55
Defect: abnormal maturation squeezing and fragmentation during splenic passage
Teardrop cell Dacryocyte
56
Defect: abnormal membrane due to defective spectrin, deficiency in band protein 4.1
Elliptocytes
57
Hemoglobin appears to be concentrated at the two ends of the cell leaving a normal central area of pallor. Life span is shortened Can be found in: healthy person
Elliptocytosis
58
Defect: Primary: spectrin deficiency Secondary: defective interaction of spectrin with other skeletal proteins
Spherocyte
59
Cells become smaller and denser with increase Hb content and become less deformable with age Shortened survival time because they can be sequestered in the spleen and destroyed
Spherocytes
60
Aka drepanocytes
Sickle cells
61
Crescent shape cel due to abnormal aggregation of HbS which gives a tendency for the cell to assume a sickle shape
Sickle cells
62
Cell fragmentation due to trauma caused by physical and mechanical agents
Schizocyte
63
Aka mouth cells
Stomatocytes
64
Characterized by an elongated or slit-like area of central pallor Caused by osmotic changes due to cation imbalance (Na, K)
Stomatocyte
65
Appearance in supravital stain of diffuse basophilia
Dark blue granules and filaments in cytoplasm
66
Appearance of diffuse basophilia in wright stain
Bluish tinge throughout cytoplasm; also called polychromasia (seen in polychromatic erythrocytes)
67
What is the diffuse basophilia inclusion composed of?
RNA
68
What are the associated diseases for diffuse basophilia?
Hemolytic anemia After treatment for iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency
68
What are the associated diseases for diffuse basophilia?
Hemolytic anemia After treatment for iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency
69
What is the appearance of basophilic stippling in supravital stain?
Dark blue-purple, fine or coarse punctate granules distributed throughout cytoplasm
70
What is the appearance of basophilic stippling in Wright stain?
Dark blue-purple, fine or coarse punctate granules distributed throughout the cytoplasma
71
What is the inclusion of the basophilic stippling composed of?
Precipitated RNA
72
Associated diseases of basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning Thalassemia Hemoglobinopathies Megaloblastic anemia Myelodysplastic syndrom
73
Appearance of Howell-Jolly body
Dark blue-purple dense, round granule; usually one per cell; occasionally multiple
74
Appearance of Howell-Jolly body in Wright Stain
Dark blue-purple dense, round granule; usually one per cell; occasionally multiple
75
What is the inclusion of Howell-Jolly body composed of?
Denatured hemoglobin
76
What are the diseases associated with Heinz body?
G6PD deficiency Unstable hemoglobins Oxidant drugs/chemicals
77
Appearance of Pappenheimer bodies in supravital stain
Irregular clusters of small, light to dark blue granules, often near periphery of cell
78
Appearance of Pappenheimer bodies in Wright stain
Irregular clusters of small, light to dark blue granules, often near periphery of cell
79
Associated diseases with Pappenheimer bodies
Sideroblastic anemia Hemoglobinopathies Thalassemias Megaloblastic anemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Hyposplenism Post-splenectomy
80
What is the appearanc eof cabot ring in supravital stain?
Rings or figure-eights
81
What is the appearance of cabot rings in wright stain?
Blue rings or figure-eights
82
What is the inclusion of cabot rings composed of?
Remnant of mitotic spindle
83
Diseases associated with cabot rings
Megaloblastic anemia Myelodysplastic syndromes
84
What is the appearance of Hb H in supravital stain?
Fine, evenly dispersed, dark blue granules, imparts “golf ball” appearance to RBCs
85
What is the appearance of Hb H in Wright stain?
Not visible
86
What is the inclusion of Hb H composed of?
Precipitate of Beta-globin chains of hemoglobin
87
What is the associated disease with Hb H?
Hb H disease
88
Stacks of coins
Rouleaux formation
89
Red cell is colored RED
Acid stain of erythrocytes
90
If buffer solution is too alkaline, red cell are colored dirty gray
Alkaline stain of erythrocytes
91
Caused by fat or oil on the slide ahead of the spreader during the smear preparation
Design formation of RBC

HEMA311 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions