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A. HEMA111 > Hemoglobin Synthesis > Flashcards

Hemoglobin Synthesis Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what will happen to myoglobin when there is myocardial infarct or muscle destruction?

A

inc. myoglobin

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2
Q

Ferritin is seen in ________ and found in the _______.

A

hepatocytes; liver

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3
Q

What renders the rbc red?

A

ferroprotoporphyrin 9/ heme

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4
Q

Transport iron across the cell membrane

A

ferroportin

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5
Q

This functional iron is found in the blood stream

A

hemoglobin

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6
Q

this functional iron is found in the muscles

A

myoglobin

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7
Q

T/F: 2/4 of iron is in storage form

A

False: 1/4 of iron isin stoarge form

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8
Q

What are the two storeage forms of irons?

A

ferritin

hemosiderin

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9
Q

what form of iron is found in transferrin?

A

ferric form (fe3+)

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10
Q

What is the transport protein for iron?

A

Transferrin

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11
Q

the ave american diet of iron is 10-20 mg iron per day, how much iron is only absorbed by the body?

A

1-2 mg of iron

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12
Q

Give three functions of iron

A

carrier of electrons;
binds with cofactors;
catalyst for oxygenation, hydroxylation and other metabolic process

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13
Q

Iron is capable of undergoing ________ and _______.

A

oxidation; reduction

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14
Q

What are the components found in hemoglobin?

A

iron
heme
globin

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15
Q

iron is ______ in excess amounts

A

toxic

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16
Q

hemosiderin is seen in ______ and found in ________.

A

macrophages; bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the end product of step three in heme synthesis?

A

uroporphobilinogen III (UPG III)

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17
Q

Who are the most common individuals that has inc. need of iron?

A

🍭 pregnant women
🍭 newborns
🍭 children (esp. micronutrient deficiency)

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18
Q

Iron that is incorporated into hemoglobin molecules

A

Heme

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19
Q

what is the FUNCTIONAL form of iron?

A

Fe2+ or ferrous

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20
Q

what are the two most functional iron in humans?

A

hemoglobin & myoglobin

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22
Q

How many percent of iron does the body?

A

65% of iron

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24
Q

what is the non-functional form of iron? it is also known as _____

A

ferric (fe3+) ; methemoglobin

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26
Q

what form of iron is found mainly in the food?

27
What is reason of converting iron (fe3+) into ferrous form?
The ferric ion form cannot bind to o2 (non - functional state)
28
Iron can also be released from _________?
hemoglobin catabolism
29
how many grams/dl of hemoglobin is found in a single rbc?
34 g/dL
31
Hemoglobin is also known as?
respiratory pigment
32
It is the main component of rbc
hemoglobin
33
How many heme group comprised hemoglobin?
4 heme groups
34
Average american diet for irons
10-20 mg iron/day
35
What is the end product of step six in heme synthesis?
protoporphyrin 9
36
how many mL of oxgen can a single hemoglobin carry?
1.34 mL of oxygen
37
The 4 heme groups that comprised the hemoglobin is connected by a _________w/c is made up of ______ and ______.
polypeptide chains (globins) 2-alpha- globin chains 2 non-alpha- globin chains
39
What stage is present in heme synthesis wherein the cells still contains the mitochondria?
pronormoblasts stage to reticulocyte stage
41
What is the end product of step five in heme synthesis?
protoporphyrinogen 9 (PPG9)
42
What is the end product of step one in heme synthesis?
delta-aminolevulinic acid (d-ALA)
43
where does the synthesis of heme occurs?
bone marrow
44
What is the end product of step seven in heme synthesis?
heme
45
What is the end product of step four in heme synthesis?
coproporphyrinogen (CPG III)
46
what is the constant amount (mg) of iron can a single hemoglobin carry?
3.47 mg of iron
47
most of the irons bound to transferrin is recycled rapidly and mainly to the ______ and ______.
erythroblast | reticulocytes
48
What part of the body absorbs iron?
Gut
49
how many polypeptide chains does the globon contains?
4 polypeptide chains
50
Step 1: Glycine + ________ 🔜 ___________ Enzyme: Site:
Step 1: Glycine + Succinyl CoA 🔜 delta-Aminolevulinic acid (d-ALA) Enzyme: d-ALA synthetase Site: Mitochondria
51
Step 2: _____molecules of d-ALA 🔜 ________ 🔜 _________ Enzyme: Site:
Two Pyrrole Porphobilinogen (PBG) E: d-ALA dehydrogenase and Glutathione Site: cytoplasm
52
Step 3: ____ PBG molecules 🔜 ______ Enzyme: Site:
``` Four (4) Uroporphyrinogen III (UPG III) ``` Enzyme: UPG I synthetase and UPG III consynthetase Site: Cytoplasm
53
Step 4: UPG III 🔜 ______ Site: Enzyme:
Coproporphyrinogen III (CPGIII) Enzyme: UPG dehydrogenase Site: Cytoplasm
54
STEP 5: CPG III enters the ➡️ ______ ➡️ __________ (end product) Site: Enzyme:
``` mitochondria protoporphyrinogen 9 (PPG 9) ``` Enzyme: cog decarboxylase and cpg oxidase site: cytoplasm
55
Step 6: Conversion of PPG 9 🔜 ______ Site:
Protoporphyrin 9 Site: mitochondria
56
How many % of stored iron does the body contains?
25% in hepatoctyes and macrophage
57
STEP 7: Protoporphyrin 9 ➡️ insertion of ___ (iron form) @ the ___ (position) of the molecule 🔜 _____ (end product) Enzyme:
STEP 7: Protoporphyrin 9 ➡️ insertion of Fe2+ @ the center of the molecule 🔜 HEME Enzyme: heme synthetase (ferrochelatase)
58
The major organelle of heme synthesis
mitochondria
60
What is the end product of step two in heme synthesis?
porphobilinogen (pbg)
63
The ferric ions in the food is partially reduced to _______ state. The reduction of ferric ions is caused by ______ and ______.
ferrous ion; low ph ascorbic acid
66
What are the components of heme?
carbon nitrogen hydrogen with ferrous ion
67
how many amino acids does the globin contains?
141 - 146 amino acids
98
Give situations wherein loss of iron is significant
🍭 genetic abnormality problem with absorption of iron 🍭 inc. blood loss 🍭 inc. need of iron

A. HEMA111 (4 decks)

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