phlebo

Question 1

most common anticoagulants

Answer 1

ECHO (edta, citrate, heparin, oxalate)

Question 2

heparin prevents clotting by

Answer 2

inhibiting thrombin formation

Question 3

length of the needle should be? butterfly needles?

Answer 3

1- or 1.5-inch

1/2 to 3/4 inch

Question 6

long cylindrical portion of the needle

Answer 6

shaft

Question 7

Filling tubes in the wrong order can lead to interference in testing from cross contamination of the specimen by

Answer 7

additive carry over, tissue thromboplastin (present in tissue fluids) & microbial

Question 9

Using a needle with _____ (what gauge?) increases the chance of hemolyzing the specimen

Answer 9

less than 23 gauge

Question 10

why cotton balls is not recommended to hold pressure

Answer 10

it tend to stick to the site and reinitiate bleeding when removed because they dislodge the platelet plug that seals a puncture site

Question 12

substances used to prevent sepsis

Answer 12

antiseptics

Question 13

Removing the stopper from a specimen can cause

Answer 13

loss of CO2

increase of pH

Question 15

size of microscope slides used to make blood film for hematology determinations

Answer 15

25 x 75 mm (1 x 3 inch)

Question 16

tourniquet should be oly used once, for it may transmit what bacteria

Answer 16

MRSA/ methicillin resistant staphylococcus areus

Question 17

additives for yellow top? what department?

Answer 17

ACD (BB)

SPS (micro)

Question 19

special tip (needle used for syringe system) that allows the needle to attach more securely than a slip tip

Answer 19

Luer-lock tip

Question 20

Glycolysis by erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood specimens can falsely lower glucose values at a rate of up to

Answer 20

200 mg/L per hour

Question 21

most frequently used antiseptics for blood alcohol specimens (2)? what top is used?

Answer 21

povidone iodine
benzalkonium chloride

gray top Na fluoride tube

Question 22

part of the needle that allows the needle to easily slip into the skin and vein without coring (removing a portion of the skin or vein)

Answer 22

bevel

Question 23

pressure is maintained ____ when using blood pressure cuff in place of tourniquet

Answer 23

no greater than 40 mm Hg

Question 24

additives that can be used for green top

Answer 24

Lithium heparin, Sodium heparin, Ammonium heparin

Question 25

additive for orange top? what department?

Answer 25

thrombin

chem

Question 27

top/ tube used for blood bank? what additive?

Answer 27

pink top

EDTA

Question 28

give examples of clot activator

Answer 28

silica
celite
thrombin

Question 32

substances thatshould be kept at body temp/ 37 C upon collection (3)

Answer 32

cold agglutinin
croglobulins
cryofibrinogen

Question 35

PTT requires analysis within

Answer 35

within 4 hrs after collection

Question 36

process of recording in the order received

Answer 36

accession

Question 37

internal space of the needle

Answer 37

lumen

Question 39

lenth of the tubing in winged infusion/ butterfly

Answer 39

5-12 inch

Question 40

use of povidone–iodine to clean skin puncture sites may interferewith tests (4)

Answer 40

bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium

Question 42

Blood smears made from EDTA specimens must be prepared within

Answer 42

within 1 hour of collection

Question 45

tubes are handled properly and stored at what temp

Answer 45

4-25 C

Question 46

substances that should be chilled in crushed ice slurry

Answer 46

``` ACTH Acetone ACE ammonia catecholamines glucagon lactic acid PTH renin ```

Question 47

transfer of blood collected in an additive tube into another additive tube, even if the additives are the same will cause false ____ result

Answer 47

false negative result

Question 48

3 phlebotomy needles used

Answer 48

multisample needles (evacuated tube system), winged infusion needles (butterfly) & hypodermic needles (syringe system)

Question 49

tube used for trace element tests, toxicology studies, and nutrient determinations

Answer 49

royal blue top

Question 50

a portion of a specimen used for testing

Answer 50

aliquot

Question 51

An easy way to protect a blood specimen from light is to

Answer 51

wrap it in aluminum foil

Question 52

which is recommended by CLSI, spray-dried EDTA or liquid EDTA

Answer 52

spray dried edta

Question 53

technique that has been shown to cause aerosol formation

Answer 53

thumb roll

Question 54

used to hold pressure over the site following blood collection procedures

Answer 54

2- by 2-inch gauze pads folded in fourths

Question 55

additive for royal blue top? what department?

Answer 55

edta/ Na heparin | chem

Question 56

anticoagulant used for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping

Answer 56

ACD

Question 59

Glucose test specimens drawn in sodium fluoride tubes are stable for

Answer 59

24 hours at room temperature and up to 48 hours when refrigerated at 2C to 8C

Question 60

other name for hemoconcentration

Answer 60

venous stasis

Question 61

Silica particles cause the blood to clot within? in thrombin?

Answer 61

15 to 30 minutes | within 5 minutes

Question 63

plays a major role in preventing the spread of infection and is an important step in the venipuncture procedure that should not be forgotten or performed poorly

Answer 63

proper hand hygiene/washing

Question 64

2 patterns of vein

Answer 64

H-pattern | M-pattern

Question 65

allow for fast, accurate processing, and their use has been shown to decrease laboratory errors associated with clerical mistakes

Answer 65

bar code

Question 66

substances that should be protected from light

Answer 66

``` Bilirubin Carotene Red cell folate Serum folate Vitamin B2 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Urine porphyrins Urine porphobilinogen ```

Question 67

EDTA specimens for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determinations must be tested within

Answer 67

within 4 hours if left at room temperature

Question 68

PT results on unrefrigerated and uncentrifuged specimens are reliable for up to

Answer 68

24 hrs after collection

Question 69

routine blood specimens should arrive at the laboratory within

Answer 69

within 45 mins

Question 70

For antecubital site venipunctures, insert the needle into the skin at an angle of

Answer 70

30 degrees or less

Question 71

large laboratories have a specific area where specimens are received and prepared for testing

Answer 71

central processing or triage

Question 72

Interventions to ease pain (2)

Answer 72

EMLA (eutecticp mixture of local anaesthetic) for newborns to adult & oral sucrose for infants and toddlers

Question 74

it means to inspect an organ by passing light through its walls?

Answer 74

transillumination; hemoglobin in the blood within the veins absorbs the light, causing the veins to stand out as dark lines

Question 76

which is preferred for potassium tests, Heparinized plasma or serum?

Answer 76

heparinized plasma; when blood clots, potassium is released from cells into the serum and can falsely elevate result

Question 77

For a higher degree of antisepsis, the traditional antiseptic is?

Answer 77

povidone–iodine

Question 79

tubes that are used for clearing or discard purposes only

Answer 79

non additive tubes

Question 84

recommended dilution for decontaminating nonporous surfaces after cleaning up blood or other body fluid spills in patient-care settings

Answer 84

1:100 dilution of Na hypochlorite

Question 85

most common antiglycolytic agent

Answer 85

Na fluoride

Question 86

stoppage of blood flow during the blood draw can result in an underfilled tube called

Answer 86

short draw

Question 93

citrate prevents coagulation by? how many inversions?

Answer 93

chelating calcium | 3-4 inversions

Question 97

additive in special erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) tubes with black stoppers

Answer 97

Na citrate

Question 102

dilution applied prior to cleanup? | contact time required for disinfectants to be effective?

Answer 102

1:10 dilution | 10 minutes

Question 103

give examples of antiseptics used for blood collection

Answer 103

70% Ethyl alcohol 70% Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) Benzalkonium chloride (e.g., Zephiran chloride) Chlorhexidine gluconate Hydrogen peroxide Povidone–iodine (0.1%–1% available iodine) Tincture of iodine

Question 107

chemical substances used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments? most prefered?

Answer 107

disinfectants | 5.25% sodium hypochlorite

Question 112

Evacuated tubes are available from a number of different manufacturers and come in various sizes and volumes ranging from

Answer 112

1.8 to 15 mL

Question 114

part of the needle where the blood collection device is atttached

Answer 114

hub