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Hematology > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Stoppage of blood flow

A

Hemostasis

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2
Q

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Anticoagoulant

A

Eacosanoid metabolite that inhibit platelet activation released by endothelial cells

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3
Q

Heparan sulfate

A

Enhances activity of antithrombin-III that inhibits thrombin

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4
Q

13-HODE

A

Prevent platelet adhesion

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5
Q

Primary Hemostasis

Blood vessels & Platelets

A

Formation of a primary hemostatic plug

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6
Q

Secondary Hemostasis

Coagulation factors

A

Formation of stable fibrin clot and fibrinolysis

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7
Q

First response to injured vessel

A

Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Serotonin & Thromboxane A2

A

Enhances vasoconstriction

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9
Q

Platelet adhere to exposed subendothelial cells

vWF + GP Ib

A

Platelet adhesion

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10
Q

Platelet adhesion
* In-vivo
* In-vitro

A

Platelet Adhesion
* In-vivo - Collagen
* In-vitro - Glass

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11
Q

GP Ib receptor

A

receptor for vWF

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12
Q

Disease - No vwF

A

Von willebrand Disease

also dificient in Factor VIII:C

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13
Q

Disease - lack Gp 1b receptor

A

Bernard Soulier Syndrome

Giant platelet syndrome

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14
Q

Platelet activation

A

Morphologic and functional changes in platelets

platelets change shape, and undergo pseudopod formation

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15
Q

Platelet Shape

  • Resting:
  • Activated:
A

Platelet Shape

  • Resting: Biconvex
  • Activated: Spherical/Irregular shape
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16
Q

Arachidonic acid

A

Substrate that is converted to Thromboxane A2 by cyclooxygenase

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17
Q

Function - Thromboxane A2

A

Enhances platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

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18
Q

Platelet secretion

A

release of platelet granules

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19
Q

Alpha-granules

stimulate secondary hemostasis

A

All coagulation factors

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20
Q

Dense granules

stimulate primary hemostasis (platelet aggregation) *mnemonics: CAPAS

A

Calcium
ADP
Pyrophosphate
ATP
Serotonin

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21
Q

ADP

A

stimulate plalelet aggregation

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22
Q

Serotonin

A

Enhances vasoconstriction

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23
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

platelets attach to each other

Gp IIb/IIIa + Fibrinogen + Ca + ADP

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24
Q

Requires Fibrinogen and Calcium

A

Platelet aggregation

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25
Gp IIb/IIIa
Receptor for Fibrinogen in Platelet aggregation**
26
Mediator of Platelet aggregation
ADP Thrombin Thromboxane
27
Glanzamann thrombasthenia
Defect in Gp IIb/IIIa
28
Gp Va
receptor for **Thrombin**
29
Mineral coagulation factor
Ca/Factor IV
30
Labile factor
Factor IV | Preffered name: Proaccelerin
31
Stable factor
Factor VII | Preffered name: Proconvertin
32
Antihemophilic factor
Factor VIII:c
33
Christmas factor
Factor IX | Plasma thromboplastin component
34
Stuart Prower factor
Factor X
35
Glass/Contact factor
factor XII
36
Laki-lorand factor
Factor XIII | Fibrin stabilizing factor
37
Fletcher factor
Prekallikrein
38
Fitzgeral factor
HMWK
39
Coagulation Factors - Intrinsic Pathway
F XII FXI FIX FVIII Ca PL
40
Coagulation Factors - Extrinsic Pathway
F IV F VII Ca PL
41
Coagulation Factors - Common Pathway
F X F V F II F I F XIII Ca PL
42
Zymogens
Inactive enzyme or precursors
43
Serine Protease
Active enzyme
44
Cofactors | aids in activation of zymogens to activate enzyme
Factor V Factor VIII Factor III HMWK
45
Classification - Factor XIII
Serum transglutaminase
46
Activation - Intrinsic Pathway * In vivo * In vitro
Activation - Intrinsic Pathway * In vivo: Exposed collagen/Negatively charged surface * In vitro: Glass
47
Directly activates IX to IXa
Kallikrein
48
Intrinsic tenase
[IXa + VIIIa + Ca + PL]
49
Extrinsic tenase
[III + VII + Ca + PL]
50
Prothrombinase complex
[Xa + Va + Ca + PL] | Converts **Prothrombin** to **Thrombin**
51
Activation - Extrinsic pathway
Release of tissue factor
52
Thrombin in **LOW** levels
Activator
53
Function - Thrombin
**Function - Thrombin** 1. Activate Fibrinogen to a stable fibrin clot 2. Activate F XIII 3. Activate F V 4. Activate F VIII
54
Vit. K dependent Prothrombin Group
F IX F X F VII F II | reduced by **warfarin** & **coumadin**
55
Gamma carboxylation
Addition of a second carboxyl groups which enables them to bind with Ca2+ and PL to form coagulation complex
56
Warfarin & Coumadin
Vitamin K antagonist Oral anticoagulants
57
PIVKAs/ des-gamma carboxyl proteins
Vit. K dependent procoagulants without second carboxyl group to the gamma carbon
58
Contact Group | a.k.a** intrinsic accesory pathway proteins**
F XII F XI HMWK Prekallikrein | activated when in contact with negatively charged surfaces
59
Coagulation factor group that is well preserved in stored plasma
Prothrombin group
60
Fibrinogen Group
Fibrinogen Group * F I * F V * F VIII * F XIII
61
Storgae labile - Fibrinogen Group
Storgae labile - Fibrinogen Group * F V * F VIII
62
Most concentrated coagulation factor
Fibrinogen
63
Prothrombin group - Halflife | Least - Longest
VII - IX - X - II
64
Fibrinolysis
Clot lysis or dissolution | final step in coagulation
65
Fibrinolysis Activators * Intrinsic: * Extrinsic: * Activators in secretions: * Therapeutic activators:
Fibrinolysis Activators * Intrinsic: F XIIa, HMWK, Kallikrein * Extrinsic: **Tissu Plasminogen Activator (TPA)** * Activators in secretions: **Urokinase Plasminogen activator** * Therapeutic activators: Urokinas, Streptokinase, manufactured TPAs
66
Plasminogen
a zymogen normally present in plasma (synthesized in LIVER)
67
Eosinophils
Stored and transportation of plasminogen
68
4
No. of fibrin degradation products | FDP: X , Y, D, E
69
Fragment X
largest and first fragment
70
D - E - D
Fragment X
71
D - E
Fragment Y
72
Indicates in vivo fibrinolysis & presence of fibrin
D-dimer | marker of thrombosis
73
a1 antiplasmin
major inhibitor of fibrinolysis
74
First to bind in plasmin
a1-antiplasmin
75
Anti-thrombin III
Principal inhibitor of Coagulation
76
Protein C and S
Inhibit activity of F VII & F V | others: enhances fibrinolysis
77
Secod to bind to plasmin
a2-macroglobulin
78
Significance - D-dimer | applied in quantitative/semi immunoassay
Rule out **Venous thromboembolism**
79
Inhibitor of thrombin
Fragment E
80
Factors digested by Plasmin
Fibrinogen Fibrin Factor VIII Factor V Fibronectin

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