Hemotology

Question 1

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 1

Inability to clot

Question 2

Sites of stem cell production in adults

Answer 2

• Pelvis

- Vertebrae

Question 3

Difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 3

Plasma still has the clotting factors while serum is plasma without the clotting factors.

Question 4

An immature RBC

Answer 4

Reticulocyte

Question 5

What drives the body to create new RBC (erythropoiesis)?

Answer 5

Hypoxia ( decrease o2) reaches the kidneys which release erythropoietin, which stimulates the red bone marrow, which causes erythropoiesis (creation of RBC).

Question 6

What is Hypoxia?

Answer 6

Not enough O2 in the body

Question 7

WBC

Answer 7

4,000-11,000 normal

Question 8

Values for significant elevated WBC

Answer 8

15,000-20,000

Question 9

Function of blood?

Answer 9

-TRANSPORT
   O2, CO2, Hormones, waste, food
-PROTECTION
    Clotting, phagocytosis, antibody production
-DISTRIBUTION OF BODY HEAT
    Temp. Regulation

Question 10

RBC

Answer 10

4-6

Question 11

HGB/ HB

Answer 11

12-18

Question 12

Hct

Answer 12

38-54%

Question 13

Neutrophil values

Answer 13

3,000-7,500 (50-70%)

Question 14

Mature neutrophils

Answer 14

“segs”

Question 15

Immature neutrophils

Answer 15

“bands”

Question 16

Basophils

Answer 16

granules contain heparin, seratonin, histamine, released for allergic or inflammation response.

Question 17

Eosinophils

Answer 17

defense against parasites

Question 18

Monocytes

Answer 18

2nd responder to neutrophils, stay longer, increase with all types of infection

Question 19

Lymphocytes

Answer 19

B & T cells, More for autoimmune and cancer,

Question 20

Indicies

Answer 20

physical appearance of the cell

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

150,000-400,000

Question 22

Less than 20,000 platelets

Answer 22

risk for spontaneous bleeds

Question 23

Less than 5,000 platelets

Answer 23

fatal bleed

Question 24

Thrombocytopnia

Answer 24

Platelets deficiency

Question 25

Thrombocytosis

Answer 25

Excessive platelets

Question 26

100,000 platelets

Answer 26

watch out for petechiae (red dotted rash) and ecchymosis (bruising)

Question 27

Clotting process

Answer 27

Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, platelets are activated and become sticky, unstable clot

Question 28

Fibrin threads

Answer 28

Make unstable clots more stable

Question 29

What are the three pathways in the clotting factors?

Answer 29

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways

Question 30

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 30

Faster pathway, for internal (within the blood), has 4 steps (XII, XI, IX, VIII)

Question 31

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 31

Slower pathway, For injury to tissue or vessles, has two step (Tissue Factor, VII)

Question 32

Common Pathway

Answer 32

where intrinsic and extrinsic pathways end/meet, has five steps (X, V, II, I, Fibrin Clot)

Question 33

aPTT Route

Answer 33

measures Intrinsic & Common Pathways

Question 34

PT/INR Route

Answer 34

measures Extrinsic & Common Pathways

Question 35

Increase Values of aPTT/PT

Answer 35

Clotting too slow

Question 36

Decrease Values of aPTT/PT

Answer 36

Clotting too fast (prone to clots)

Question 37

Antithrombins

Answer 37

Lysis clots by endogenous heparin (it interferes with thrombin)

Question 38

Fibrinolysis

Answer 38

Lysis clots by dissolution small molecules ( Attack fibrin strands) LABS: FDP & FSP

Question 39

Mature neutrophils

Answer 39

"segs"

Question 40

Immature neutrophils

Answer 40

"bands"

Question 41

Basophils

Answer 41

granules contain heparin, seratonin, histamine, released for allergic or inflammation response.

Question 42

Eosinophils

Answer 42

defense against parasites

Question 43

Monocytes

Answer 43

2nd responder to neutrophils, stay longer, increase with all types of infection

Question 44

Lymphocytes

Answer 44

B & T cells, More for autoimmune and cancer,

Question 45

Indicies

Answer 45

physical appearance of the cell

Question 46

Platelets

Answer 46

150,000-400,000

Question 47

Thrombocytopnia

Answer 47

Platelets deficiency

Question 48

Thrombocytosis

Answer 48

Excessive platelets

Question 49

100,000 platelets

Answer 49

watch out for petechiae (red dotted rash) and ecchymosis (bruising)

Question 50

Clotting process

Answer 50

Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, platelets are activated and become sticky, unstable clot

Question 51

Fibrin threads

Answer 51

Make unstable clots more stable

Question 52

What are the three pathways in the clotting factors?

Answer 52

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways

Question 53

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 53

Faster pathway, for internal (within the blood), has 4 steps (XII, XI, IX, VIII)

Question 54

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 54

Slower pathway, For injury to tissue or vessles, has two step (Tissue Factor, VII)

Question 55

Common Pathway

Answer 55

where intrinsic and extrinsic pathways end/meet, has five steps (X, V, II, I, Fibrin Clot)

Question 56

aPTT Route

Answer 56

measures Intrinsic & Common Pathways

Question 57

PT/INR Route

Answer 57

measures Extrinsic & Common Pathways

Question 58

Increase Values of aPTT/PT

Answer 58

Clotting too slow

Question 59

Decrease Values of aPTT/PT

Answer 59

Clotting too fast (prone to clots)

Question 60

Antithrombins

Answer 60

Lysis clots by endogenous heparin (it interferes with thrombin)

Question 61

Fibrinolysis

Answer 61

Lysis clots by dissolution small molecules ( Attack fibrin strands) LABS: FDP & FSP

Question 62

Hemodilution

Answer 62

``` Hct lower than Hgb To much fluids Burn pt Not enough RBC production Cemo pt ```

Question 63

Hemoconcentration

Answer 63

Higher Htc than 3x Hgb Not enough fluids Too much RBC production

Question 64

Macrocytic anemias

Answer 64

B12 Pernicious anemia Folic Acid

Question 65

Microcytic anemias

Answer 65

Iron Deficiency

Question 66

aPTT time

Answer 66

25-35sec

Question 67

PT time

Answer 67

11-16 sec

Question 68

INR time

Answer 68

2-3sec

Question 69

Coumadin antidote

Answer 69

Vitamin K

Question 70

Heparin antidote

Answer 70

Protamine sulfate