HENRY VII CHAPTER 5 Economic development Flashcards
(33 cards)
what can be said about england in the 15th century in coparieson to today england
. 15th century was far more regionalised than today and this was becauces 90 percent of epope lived in agragraian country side areas, the cloth industry emploed 1.3ercent fo the populatio or 30k , one in four harvest was bad whih cled to violent price fluctiations
population of 2.2 million
10% of populatio were urban dwellers
norwich pop of 10k bristol york and coventry 8-10k repsectviely
what was mixed farming
was a stystem of farming that involved the growin gof crops aswell as the raisng of livestock and animals
what was pastoral farming
farming involving the rearing of animals either for animal products such as milk egg or wool
what were comman rights
denotes to a tenants legal right of use for common lands , eg for keeping animals
what were merchents of the staple
incopretated by royal charteer in 1319 and they cotnrolled the export of wool the staple was based at calais but the eventual delcine of wool decreased the companys importance
whart was the hanseatic league
a group of free cities originating in the 13th century whihc came otgether itht the inent of contorlling baltic trade , dominated all comericsl activity in europe
what csnbe said abou thte changes in the profitablities of agragarian lands and whyt was this brought about
income from lands fell as a result of the blck death or the 1300s and early 1400s thouugh it had been suggested there was somewhat of a recovery in thw 1480s and 1490s , as the pop begn ot increase again there was a greater movment towards sheep farming in the 1480s and 1490s , this was a reflection of the falling profitablity of crop farmming but also the increased demand for sheep and wool farming as trade began to grow
how could england be agragarianly divided
largely agricutlrual england was divided into a lowland south eat zone and a hihland norht west zone, mixed farming was common in the lowland alrhough pastorla farming doinated in the woodlands. and speicalisms sucha shorse breeding in the fenlands.
what was open husbandry and where was it fdound
a manorial system found in south east and east midlands and it was the from of landowning that predominated in most of lowland england , manor was a strip of land in whihc famrers could enjoy common use for farming and enjoyed common rights but the system came under the increasing enclsure pressures
how were some areas in south east and east midlands expierecning deep agricultural change
with the wool and cloth trade to burdegs and antwerp making sheep and wool cloth trading far more profitable , but these effiecnecy gains came at a price to common pheasents who lost access to their land and common rights a d were often lft destirue in the process , underwent minium significant chsnges with gricuture as whole
what was the singifacne of the clth trade in the period and how much did it increase in henry vii reign
cloth trade responsible for around 90 % of english exports in the time period and the trade flourished in the last 1/4 of the 15th century aand it is estimated that therr was over a 60% increase in the volume of cloth exports during henrys reign
how did rule used to get exported and what type was now dominating
it was earlier bulks of raw wool that woul dbe exported from york or boston down to calais by the merchsnts of the taple but this chsnged as it was now finished clith that dominted the trade
what did the increase in finished clth being exported involve and how dd it impact industrys and jobs
the cloth beofre being exported was weaved and dyed as d omestc snd commerical process and this was usaully done in rural towns and cities and meant that agragarian incom ecould be supllemeneted further increasing the profitablity of the wool industry for commoners.
explain some towns thart suffered or benefitted from the cloth trade
lavennham suffolk , lewes were both exteremely prosperous as a result of this newfound cloth finishied trade .
however historic cities like winchester and lincoln suffered a signifcant decay in profit as the cloth inutry moved towards new manufacturing centres in smaller towns and villeges in east anglia , the west riding of yorkshire and the weztc ountry
what was happening wth london in relation to the cloth and wool inudtry and how did it connect it to europe
an increased porportion of the finishe dclth was no being transported to london whihc only increased londons riches and commerical dominance which led to the establishmnet of commrical axis with antwerp that was t the time the commercial metropalis of europe and its main money market from antwerp english clth was transported all over europe
what were the merchent aventururers
founded in 1407 and dominated by mercers company the wealthiest and most influencial company of the city of london, they wer a trading organsation whihc dominated the cloth trae wih anstwerp , it matche the doianction f the wool trade by th emerchants of the staple , they had positive raltions with the industry and even helpd advise the kig on the terms of the intercursus magnus and malus aswell as this they had become the most powerful english business organisation of the age
why coul dthe merchnt adventures not ever achieve complete trade domination
they were unable to voercome trading rvellages had by the hanseatic lwagu ewhere the kng even sacrified ssome of engliands comerical trad by a reincfoecement of a treaty with the league to stay aeay from britain and not interfere with the yorkist , this was an overblown decision by the king as the de poles were a small threat to sacrifise englands commerical inerests for
what was englands genreal postion with toher types of trade and give exmaples of what other countries dominated
england were realtively dependant on the cloth trade for their exports as there other ndsturys were small and unable to compete with their competitiors
> germany and bohemia supeiror in mining snd metargurgy and psnaish porutgese and duthc superior in ship nuilding
what were most of englands industrial scitivies like
small sacel industy such as brewing or weaving that reuquired very little amounts of capital investment, most operations suppied the basic nesccesities for life
what was mning like in england
mining was relatively small scale but still required some capital anvesntent and ;
tin mined in cornwall
lead n upland areas sucha s high penines
coal mined in durham and norhtumberland
iron ore mine and smelted in high weild
coal from newcaslte shipped down to london to meet growing demands aswell ther was a malle export trade to germany and netherlands
explain the major trad elaws and treatys in the period
1486; confirmed rights of hanseatic league whic limeted english trade power but in trade for antional seucrity incase they helped yorkists
1492; re initted cloth to france
1493 trade embargo witht htn entherlands because he was scard about the insecurity around margeret of burgundts support for perkin warbeck, merhcnats were required to rade thorugh calais
1496; intercursus magnus or great intercurus which lifted trade embargo merchsnts from england coul dnow trade anywhere in burgundy apart from in flanders
1506. interucrus smalus reneoggt4d treaty sfter inseuctiry around phillip ferdiandnand juanna , never fully in opperatin
1485-89 navigation acgts that henry passeed to encourge english shipping by trying t make it so thsy nly english ships could carry certain products to and from english ports and such leglistion nly had limited usefull ness
context of exploartion in the 15th cntury
people were now convinced the earth was round and wanted to expoer more and poruguese and spanish explorerers had opened up the most o fthe world to trading
portuges expoerers 1498 foun droute down africa to get a direct seas route to india
demand for luxurt good and servieces was higher than supply
what were the peopl ewanting transatlantic explertion n england
despite being slow i comparison to europe , bristol sailers anf mervhsnt seamen were interested in hte possiblity of new transatlantic discovrty
due to his resetent of venices control in muc of the trade and spices henry vii was prepared to support exploers who believed that a new route to the east could be found by sailing westward , he patronied john cabot in his voayage to new foundland
where was cabot from and what was his expoeience i exploration before england
he was a native of genoa italy , he was involved in the venice spice trade and he als o designed harbours in spain before arrivng in birstol in 1494-5
