Henry VII Consolidation of Power

Question 1

Why did Henry need to consolidate his power

Answer 1

War of the Roses
weak claim to throne
won his throne through conquest
stranger to England
needed reliable nobles

Question 2

Henry’s claim to the throne

Answer 2

weak, through his mother via a 3rd son
his mother was also previously barred from the throne

Question 3

won his throne through conquest

Answer 3

so his divine right would be inquestion

Question 4

war of the roses

Answer 4

Henry had to re-establish the monarchies power after years of change
many of the nobles were very fickle during the war, Henry needed reliablilty
the war of the roses did not end on Henry’s ascention

Question 5

When did Henry become king

Answer 5

1485

Question 6

Marriage to Elizabeth of York

Answer 6

united York and Lancaster
detained Liz after Bosworth and married her a year later (after he had been coronated)

Question 7

Tudor rose

Answer 7

combination of the York and Lancaster rose which Henry then put in loads of Tudor architecture as a sign of his power (eg the Henry VII chapel in Westminster abbey)

Question 8

who did Henry detain after his victory

Answer 8

Elizabeth of York and the Earl of Warwick (yorkist claimant)

Question 9

Parliament

Answer 9

Henry held his first Parliament after his coronation

Question 10

Acts of Attainder

Answer 10

Anyone who fought against the King during the battle of Bosworth was a traitor and had to forfeit their lands to the crown (increasing revenue)

Question 11

Back dating

Answer 11

Henry VII back dated his reign to before the battle of Bosworth which meant anyone who fought against him was a traitor to the crown

Question 12

Nobility

Answer 12

Henry often performed public knighthoods and gave rewards for support

Question 13

Sovereign pound

Answer 13

Henry VII was the first person to use to the sovereign pound- indicator of his power to his people and foreign visitors

Question 14

Spies

Answer 14

After Sir Stanley’s betrayal, Henry introduced spies almost everywhere- including confessionalise

Question 15

Children

Answer 15

2 sons and 3 daughters with Elizabeth

Question 16

Arthur

Answer 16

1486

Question 17

Henry (VIII)

Answer 17

1491

Question 18

Marriage

Answer 18

to Catherine of Aragon in 1501

Question 19

Threats to Henry’s power

Answer 19

Viscount Lovell, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck

Question 20

Lovell rebellion

Answer 20

easter 1486

Question 21

events of lovell

Answer 21

Yorkist
tried to raise a rebellion in Yorkshire- failed
Helped by the Staffords (noble family)
Lovell escaped but the staffords were arrested
little enthusiasm

Question 22

Lambert Simnel

Answer 22

pretender- earl of warwick (figurehead)
supported by the earl of Lincoln (financial support)

Question 23

events of Lambert Simnel

Answer 23

proclaimed King of Ireland in 1487
in response Henry has the real earl paraded round London, this prompts Lincoln to flee Henry’s court

Question 24

Earl of Lincoln

Answer 24

John de la Pole

Question 25

Burgundy

Answer 25

after fleeing Henry’s court, Lincoln joins Lovell in Margaret of Burgundy’s court (yorkist)
They persuade her to raise an army of mercenaries to take to England

Question 26

Henry’s response to Burgundy

Answer 26

Henry had spies and was expecting his invasion
re-instates the Earls of Northumberland to power (he was untrustworthy as he had led a large portion of Richard III troops)
re-enforced coastal defence in east Anglia

Question 27

Impact of re-instating Northumberland

Answer 27

diffused Richard’s old power base and ensured that the yorkist Howard family would not support Lincoln and Lovell (Northumberland was a Howard)

Question 28

When was the battle of Stoke field

Answer 28

1487

Question 29

Battle of stoke field prior

Answer 29

rebels land in Cumberland and try to raise support in Richard’s heartland, the troops are very reluctant to join- they want to see who will win

Question 30

Battle of Stoke field

Answer 30

Henry faces Lincoln but is not confident in his power (Richard was double crossed)
However, since Lincoln did not raise the support he needed, he lost in the face of the effective leader the Earl of Oxford

Question 31

Impact of Stoke field

Answer 31

End of the War of the Roses
Lincoln killed

Question 32

After stoke field

Answer 32

mild in his treatment of those who rebelled (win them over)
developed the policy of bonds of good behaviour to prevents rebellious landowners from falling into financial ruin

Question 33

Bonds of good behaviour

Answer 33

Given a sum to pay, this sum did not have to be paid back if the person owing it observed ‘good behaviour’

Question 34

Perkin Warbeck

Answer 34

active for 8 years
1491-1499
pretended to be Richard of York

Question 35

the white rose

Answer 35

de la pole family
2 brothers left
one fled, came back and then fled again with the other
lived out their lives in central europe and didn’t cause many problems

Question 36

How did Henry restore the power of the monarchy?

Answer 36

Consolidated his own power
had sons to continue his line
ended the war of the roses
remained in power even though pretenders
increased royal finances and control of the nobility

Question 37

Names of the Stanleys

Answer 37

Lord Thomas Stanley (m. Margret Beauford)
Sir William Stanley (betrayed Henry)

Question 38

Perkin Warbeck and france

Answer 38

court of Charles VIII of France in 1492 but forced to flee to burgundy.

Question 39

Perkin Warbeck in Burgundy

Answer 39

Here he develops his conspiracy (Sir Stanley gets involved) and attempts to land in England in 1495- Henry was warned by a spy and this attempt fails
Warbeck flees to James IV of Scotland
1496- small scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck’s behalf but quickly retreat

Question 40

Perkin Warbeck and Scotland

Answer 40

Given a noble marriage
1496- small Scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck’s behalf but quickly retreat
James gives up on Warbeck and accepts Henry VII offer of marriage, to his daughter Margaret

Question 41

Perkin Warbeck in Cornwall

Answer 41

in a final attempt to take the throne, Warbeck tries to exploit the uncertainties created by the Cornish rebellion- his forces were crushed and her surrenders
henry allows Perkin to stay in court but he is confined to the tower after trying to abscond

Question 42

Death of Perkin and Warwick

Answer 42

Both are accused of working together to try and escape (this claim is dubious- life imprisonment/impersonation and taken its tole on both men)
Both accused of treason, tried and executed

Question 43

act of Resumption

Answer 43

1486
recalled all crown lands given since 1455