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Tudors History AQA A level > Henry VIII Foreign policy > Flashcards

Henry VIII Foreign policy Flashcards

1
Q

Renewal of treaty of Etaples

A

1510, cancelled in 1513 later due to invasion

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2
Q

The Holy league of 1511

A

an anti-French alliance between Spain, Holy roman empire, England and Switzerland
couldn’t agree on strategy so was left in 1513

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3
Q

Henry’s foreign policy aims

A

take back France
make England the most powerful nation
warrior king

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4
Q

Wolsey’s foreign policy aims

A

maintain balance and power
increase England’s security
keep both Henry and Pope happy
increase his own reputation

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5
Q

Why was it difficult to achieve foreign policy success

A

limited resources
Henry lost all of his inheritance

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6
Q

Which French towns did Henry win

A

1513
Tournai and Therouanne
gained him some respect but were largely insignificant

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7
Q

Treaty of London

A

1518
organised by Wolsey
20 countries- England, France, Spain and HRE
All powers went to England were a none aggression pact was signed
Wolsey made papal legot
Mary betrothed to french Dauphin
England returns Tournai and Therouanne for a pension
OVERALL- a big success for England and Wolsey

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8
Q

political situation in Europe in Henry’s early reign

A

A lot of young Kings had just inherited the throne (France, Holy Roman Empire, Scotland (he is a child) and Spain). All of whom had the similar warrior king attitude as Henry, however, they also had the resources

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9
Q

Peace of Cambrai

A

1517
France, Spain and HRE
Not England- insignificant in Europe

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10
Q

When does Charles (Spain) become the holy roman emperor

A

1518

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11
Q

Field of Cloth and Gold

A

1519
talks between France and England
Henry looses in a wrestling match to Francis (looks weak)
little achieved (HRE wanted England to remain neutral, England agree because they don’t want enemies)

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12
Q

Invasion of France

A

1521
talked with HRE

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13
Q

Mary’s new fiancé

A

1522
Charles V

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14
Q

invasion of Calais

A

1522
fails
Charles doesn’t help!

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15
Q

Treaty of Burges

A

1523
Wolsey
in response to English, Bourbon and HRE troops arriving in France to support French rebellions- failed due to lack of supplies and bad weather
bit embarrassing but a win for Wolsey

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16
Q

Mary has no fiancé

A

1525
Charles is victorious over Francis
calls of his engagement (doesn’t need England anymore

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17
Q

Treaty of More

A

1526
Henry gives up the English claim to the French throne

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18
Q

Treaty of Cognac

A

1526
French treaty with Italian states
Wolsey helped but England wasn’t part of the treaty

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19
Q

Sack of Rome

A

1527
Significant because Charles now has control over the Pope and would not let his relative (Catherine of Aragon) be disgraced

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20
Q

Peace of Cambrai

A

1529
French are defeated
peace between France and HRE
due to Wolsey, England and just included in the treaty

21
Q

Foreign policy in europe up to 1529

A

England’s significance is slightly increased because both the French and the Spanish want them as an ally in their war. However, after Spain defeat France without any help from the English, them are abandoned which decreases their significance
failed wars with France

22
Q

why did Henry stop invading France

A

didn’t have the money

23
Q

Battle of Flodden

A

1513
in response to declaring war of France, the Scottish invade England to try and deter them from their French assault (auld alliance)
this fails and the English win a decisive victory over the Scots, including the death of James IV, who was succeeded by his infant son (Henry VIII Sister becomes queen regent of Scotland, peace for nearly 30 years)

24
Q

Who were the Schmalkaldic league

A

a group of Lutheran, German princes who made up a series of German states
Not catholic but had a small influence
strength in numbers

25
Q

Why did Henry seek an alliance with the Schmalkaldic league

A

break from Rome
two prominent catholic powers are allied
England is isolated
strength in numbers
Henry originally approached the Princes as a way to force the Pope to grant annulment (didn’t work)
Cromwell working for the Cleves marriage

26
Q

French English alliance post peace of Cambrai

A

1532
why- France is weal and loosing to Spain
Francis accepts Anne Boleyn as queen HOWEVER
since he is seeking an alliance with the Pope’s niece these talks fail

27
Q

Henry and the Pope post during 1530s

A

Papal bull is drawn up but not issued
France made plans to discuss the annulment with the Pope, however Henry is impatient

28
Q

Henry’s aims in 1532-34

A

Annulment
Form an alliance to split the Hapsburg-Valois risk
Starts to do both but only properly succeeds in one

29
Q

Henry’s aims in 1534-38

A

Form alliances to prevent a catholic crusade
keep lutherans and catholics happy

30
Q

Improvements for Henry in 1536

A

Death of Catherine and execution of Anne, possibility of alliance with Emporer
fighting renewed between france and spain, they have bigger concerns

31
Q

Why was there not an immediate backlash after the break from Rome

A

France is weak
Spain was busy fighting the Ottoman Empire

32
Q

Scottish marriage

A

James V marries Madeleine, daughter of Francis
however, she dies soon after and James marries Mary of Guise

33
Q

What weakened Henry’s position in 1538

A

Papal bull against Henry
Pope tries to mass support for an English crusade
Charles and Francis at peace with the 10 year peace treaty of Nice

34
Q

Anne of Cleves

A

Marriage was an insurance policy against any Hapsburg-Valois alliance, when they start fighting again (1542) this becomes redundant

35
Q

Why did Henry fear a Hapsburg-Valois attack in the 1540s

A

their ambassadors are withdrawn from the country
caused Henry to build costly defences on the English coast

36
Q

motivator in the execution of Cromwell

A

Anne of Cleves marriage
price of French peace (didn’t work)

37
Q

Henry’s foreign policy aims post 1540

A

be the warrior king!
invades both Scotland and France

38
Q

When did Henry invade Scotland, how did it go

A

1542
military success
Scots were forced into military action since the couldn’t meet English demands

39
Q

battle of Solway Moss

A

1542
scottish loose easily
James V dies soon after (of grief) leaving the one-week old Mary Queen of Scots as ruler

40
Q

Henry’s mistake with Scotland1

A

Henry could of EASILY taken Scotland after the death of James V
He didn’t and instead focused on France, like a fool

41
Q

treaty of Grenwich

A

1543
betrothed Edward to MQS
English ambassador in Scotland (Sir Ralph Sadler) reported widespread Scottish suspicion of this betrothal
Refused to let MQS be raised in England

42
Q

What caused the rough wooing of Scotland

A

treaty of Greenwich was never ratified by the Scottish parliament
enraged Henry who ordered the Earl of Hertford to invade, lots of destruction and they take Edinburgh

43
Q

Anglo-Imperial alliance

A

1543
alliance with Spain to invade FranceF

44
Q

English invasion of Scotland and France

A

1544

45
Q

French counter invasion

A

1545
Isle of Wright
200 ships
they end up withdrawing

46
Q

Peace of Andres

A

1546
France-England

47
Q

Ireland

A

Previously quite chill
1534- Kildare is dismissed and there is a big rebellion- suppressed with difficulty
Henry tries to get Ireland under English control but this fails
Religious difference

48
Q

How successful Henry’s overall foreign policy

A

Not very
he was being used as a pawn in the Hapsburg-Valois conflict
failed to capitalise on things he could do (Scotland)

49
Q
A

Tudors History AQA A level (25 decks)

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