Henry VII Foreign Policy Flashcards
(20 cards)
What were the 3 broad aims of Henry VII’s foreign policy?
- national security
- recognition of Tudor dynasty
- defence of English trading interests
Why did Henry want to defend Brittany?
- Felt obligated for defending him in exile
- feared French control of Brittany would increase the threat to England
What was the 1489 Treaty of Redon?
It stipulated that Duchess Anne would pay for a small English army to defend Brittany
Why did the defence of Brittany fail?
The Duchess of Brittany, Anne, surrendered and married the French King Charles VIII after fearing resistance would be futile, leaving the English army marooned
How was Emperor Maximilian interested in Brittany and why did this end?
Maximilian had contracted a marriage-by-proxy to Anne however when she surrendered she married Charles VIII so this resulted in nothing
When did Henry VII launch an invasion of France and how does this demonstrate his skillfulness?
He invaded in 1492 which was skillful as he used information from agents to find that Charles VIII was more interested in campaigns in Italy
What was the result of the invasion of France in 1492?
Resulted in the Treaty of Etaples whereby Charles VIII withdrew his support of Perkin Warbeck and paid a pension of £5000 a year to Henry
Why was it important to maintain good relations with Burgundy and what made this difficult?
The majority of English exports went through the ports of Antwerp and Amsterdam which were controlled by Burgundy therefore good relations were important for maintaining trade. However Burgundy was controlled by Margaret of Burgundy, sister of Richard III (Yorkist)
Why did Henry put an embargo on Burgundy?
He hoped it would stop Maximilian (the Holy Roman Emperor who had control over Burgundy) and his son Philip from supporting Perkin Warbeck
When and why did the embargo on Burgundy end?
The embargo ended because Warbeck left Burgundy. It ended in 1496 with the Intercursus Magnus
What was the 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo?
- Spain and England agreed to protect eachother in the event of an attack
- Spain and England agreed not to shelter rebels or pretenders
- Marriage was arranged between Henry’s son (Arthur) and Catherine of Aragon
What problems arose over the implementation of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
- arrangements for the marriage weren’t smooth
- Ferdinand of Aragon was reluctant to allow the marriage whilst Henry was threatened by Perkin Warbeck
- disagreements over the size of the dowry
Why did the marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon end and what were the consequences?
Arthur’s death in 1502 ended the marriage after just one year.
- Henry VII suggested that Catherine should marry his son Henry but Ferdinand had little need for an English alliance and this would require Papal dispensation
What happened that weakened Ferdinand’s power?
In 1504 his wife, Isabella, died which lead to a succession struggle between Ferdinand and Juana (Catherine of Aragon’s sister). Henry supported Juana
What was the Treaty of Windsor?
It took place in 1506 when Philip of Burgundy and Juana were shipwrecked in England.
It led to: - the Intercursus Malus, a trade deal strengthening English merchants but this never actually was fulfilled
- the return of the Earl of Suffolk (Yorkist) whom Henry imprisoned
- proposed marriage between Henry VII and Philip’s sister (never happened)
- Henry recognized Philip and Juana as the rightful successors to the Spanish throne
Why was the Treaty of Windsor ultimately a failure? What is one thing which could be used to deem it as being successful?
It failed because Philip died after arriving in Spain leaving Henry diplomatically isolated. However it did successfully lead to the Earl of Suffolk being imprisoned
Why did Scotland begin to pose a problem in 1495?
James IV offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck
What did Perkin Warbeck and Scotland do in 1496?
Launched a small scale and inconsequential invasion of England, however Henry raised a large army to stage an invasion in retaliation which led to the 1497 Cornwall rebellion
What happened to Perkin Warbeck in Scotland in 1497?
He was expelled from Scotland as England and Scotland agreed to a truce, thus Warbeck became useless to James IV
What was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?
A marriage Treaty in 1502 staying that James IV would marry Henry’s daughter Margaret
